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243. [V] RATIONE TEMPORIS UEL ORIGINIS NON EFFICITUR QUIS INCOLA BUGELLENSIS.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona undecumque venerit que nunc habitat uel que de cetero habitauerit in bugella per quantumcumque tempus habitauerit In dicto loco bugelle non habeatur nec teneatur pro habitatore ipse nec eius heredes nisi prius receptus fuerit in habitatorem secundum formam aliorum statutorum. Ratione originis vel nativitatis eciam si stetisset et habitasset in bugella postquam venisset ibi ad habitandum uel eciam postquam ibi natus fuisset per spacium X. annorum. XX. XXX. XL. seu eciam tanto tempore de cuius contrario non existeret memoria.

243. [V] BY REASON OF TIME OR OF ORIGIN, ONE IS NOT MADE AN INHABITANT OF BIELLA.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person or his heir, from wherever he might come who is now resident or who may be henceforth resident in Biella for whatever period of time that he may be resident in the aforesaid place of Biella, may be considered or held to be a resident unless he or his heir had been received into residence earlier according to the form of the other statutes by reason of his origin or birth if he should have stayed or resided in Biella before he came there to live [as a resident] or after he had been born there for a period of ten, twenty, thirty, or forty years or also at such time at which memory of him to the contrary does not exist.

245. 268. [VI] STANTES IN BUGELLA PRO FACULTATIBUS DEBENT HONERA SUBSTINERE.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod omnes et singuli homines de bugella et stantes ed habitantes ibidem debeant soluere et substinere cum communi et hominibus bugelle omnia fodra et onera eis et cuilibet ipsorum impossita et que de cetero imponentur per comune et homines bugelle pro terris et possessionibus et bonis quas nunc habent et de cetero habebunt in curte et territorio bugelle et Vernati.

245. 268. [VI] Those who reside in Biella or its facilities should pay for its honors.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that each and every man of Biella, both those who reside there and those who live there, together with the men of Biella as well as the Commune should pay and support all of the fees and honors, which have been imposed on them or which might henceforth be imposed on them by the Commune and men of Biella for the lands, possessions, and goods which they now have or will have in the holdings and territory of Biella and Vernatum.

268. Item statutum et ordinatum est quod quilibet habitator comunis bugelle. qui non stet et habitet in loco bugelle. non possit nec debeat recusare quin soluat honera. et impositiones comunis bugelle. Et si contrafecerit ipso jure amittat habitariam. nec vlterius habeatur pro habitore. et consules teneantur ei denuntiare dictum statutum.

268. In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any inhabitant of the Commune of Biella, who does not stay or remain in the Commune of Biella proper, can not and should not refuse to pay the honors and impositons of the Commune of Biella. And, if he should violate [this bann], he should lose his habitation because of this law and furthermore he should not be considered an inhabitant. And, the consuls are obliged to announce the aforesaid statute to him.

246. [VII] TERRE DE BUGELLA ET VERNATI QUE SUNT HOMINUM DE BUGELLA DEBENT CUM COMUNI BUGELLE HONERA SUBSTINERE.

Item statutum est quod omnes terre et possessiones dictorum hominumde bugella quas nunc habent et de cetero habebunt in dictis curijs et territoriis bugelle et uernati. sint ex nunc tacite et expresse obligate comuni et hominibus bugelle pro fodris et oneribus et scuffis et alijs inpossitionibus soluendis et substinendis comuni et hominibus bugelle.

246. [VII] THE TERRITORY OF BIELLA AND VERNATUM AND THOSE WHO ARE SERFS OF BIELLA SHOULD SUSTAIN THE HONORS OF BIELLA TOGETHER WITH THEIR COMMUNE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that all of the lands and possessions of the aforesaid men of Biella, which they now hold and will henceforth hold in the holdings and territories of Biella and Vernatum, are now tacitly abd expressly obligated to the Commune of Biella for dues, honors, scuffi (military services?), and other impositions which are paid to and support the Commune and men of Biella.

249. [VIII] FATIENTES CONFEDERATIONEM PER CONSULES PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella siue stans habitansibidem cuiuscumque condicionis aut status existat non debeat nec pressumatfacere aliquod sacramentum nec confederacionem cum aliqua persona et personis comuni collegio et uniuerssitate nisi illus sacramentum et confederationem quod et que facient omnes homines bugelle unanimes et concordes et totum comune eiusdem loci integraliter. Et illa persona que contra fecerit extraatur de conscilio de credentia et uicinancia. et si quod dampnum ei fieret non restituatur ei per comune bugelle et sit exclussus ab omni honore et utilitate comunis bugelle. Et ultra hoc soluat pro pena et banno pro qualibet edomada. In qua perseuerauerit In dictis sacramento et confederatione. sol.C. pp. quousque adnegauerit in credencia. bugelle. ad uoluntatem ipsius credencie confederationem et sacramentum factam et factum. Et si qua persona ullam fecisset confederationem uel sacramentum debeat manifestare Infra. XV. dies consulibus comunis bugelle alioquin sub jaceant penis suprascriptis. Et consules teneantur Inquirere contrafacientes siue factum fuerit tempore eorum consulatus uel non et ab eis et a quolibet eorum exigere penas et banna et denunciatores tenere priuatos. Et consules teneantur per eorum sacramentum quod non possint poni nec concionari. In credencia nec in conscilio tempore eorum consulatus quod dictum statutum cassetur nec quod aliquid fiat contra dictum statutum et qui concionauerit contra aliquid soluat bannum pro qualibet uice sol. XX et qui aliquam fecerit responssionem soluat simile bannum et responssio contra hoc facta sit cassa et nullius valoris.

249. [VIII] THOSE WHO SECRETLY ACKNOWLEDGE A CONFEDERATION SHOULD BE PUNISHED BY THE CONSULS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any person of Biella or anyone staying or living there, of whatever condition or status he might be, should notand should not dare to make any sworn oath or agreement with any person or persons, commune, college, or community, unless that sworn oath is in accord with that or those things which all of the men of Biella, unanimously and in agreement, and the entire Commune of that place do in full. And, the person, who violates [this chapter], is removed from the Council of the Credentia and his neighborhood. And, if any loss which has been brought upon him is not reimbursed, he should be excluded by the Commune of Biella from every honor and advantage of the Commune of Biella. And, furthermore, he should pay one hundred solidi pp., both as a penalty and as a fine for each week in which he should persevere in the aforesaid matters by his sworn oath and agreement and he should repudiate in the Credentia at the wish of that Credentia the agreement and the sworn oath which he has made. And, if a person makes any sworn oath or agreement, he should make the consuls of the Commune of Biella aware of it within fifteen days and, if he does not comply, he will fall under the aforementioned penalties. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate those who violate [this chapter] whether or not [the violation] has been done during the time of their consulate or not, the penalties and fines must be exacted by them or by anyone of them, and those who denounce should be kept confidential. And the consuls are obliged on their sworn oath not to make a resolustion or an announce- ment in the Credentia or in the Council during the time of their consulate that the aforesaid statute be quashed or that any action be taken against the aforesaid statute; and, he, who speaks against any of this, should pay a fine of twenty solidi for each offence and he, who makes any response, should pay a similar fine and any response made against this is quashed and of no value.

250. [VIIII] PARATICA ET HOMINES COMUNI BUGELLE UEL CONSULIBUS ADVERSANTIA PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod si fuerit aliqua mestralia siue paraticum siue aliqua specialis persona. siue sit de mestralia siue non uel de paratico siue non que fuerint rebelles et inobedientes comuni. consulibus uel credencie bugelle extraatur de conscilio et credencia et uterius non admitatur donec rebelles et inobedientes fuerint et hoc si per XV. dies perseuerauerint inobedientes. Ita tamen quod aliquis de bugella non possit nec debeat aliquid ab ipsis emere uel uendere nec aliquod mercatum facere cum ipsis de hiis que pertineant ad illud officium siue mestraliam de quo uel de qua rebelles fuerint et inobedientes dicto comuni et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. XX. et consules teneantur ex sacramento ponere custodes publicos et privatos et excutere predicta banna.

250. [VIIII] CLIQUES AND MEN HOSTILE TO THE COMMUNE AND CONSULS OF BIELLA SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any mestralia (minor official?), paraticum (furrier), or any other special person, whether or not he is descended from a mestralia or paraticum, or from those who were rebels or disobedient to the communes, consuls, or the Credentia of Biella, is excluded from the Council and the Credentia, and, moreover, should not be admitted while they are rebellious and disobedient and, if this [condition] persists through fifteen days, they should continue to be considered disobedient. Thus, it is nevertheless understood that no one from Biella can nor should buy or sell anything from them, nor conduct any business with those persons in those areas which pertain to the duty or function in regard to which they have been considered rebellious and disobedient to the aforesaid commune. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi for each and every offence. And, the consuls are obliged on their sworn oath to station public and private guards and to execute the aforesaid banns.

251. [X] DE LANA PROHIBITA SEU COLORE NATURALI MUTATO. PANNUM QUIS FACERE SEU UENDERE NON PRESUMAT.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella siue stans uel habitens in bugella non ponat nec poni faciat in panno de albaxio pila bouis vace uel capre tinta uel colorata siue non tinta alterius coloris quam sit. uel aliqua alia pila prohibita nec aliquam lanam tinctam tractam de suo colore naturali et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. X. pp. et perdat pannum. et bannum et pannum perueniat in comunis et quod nullus homo debeat dare suam lanam ad batandum alicui persone que non fecerit saluitatem coram consulibus quod non laborabit aliquam ex predictis kanis prohibitis. et qui in aliquo contrafecerit soluat bannum predictum et perueniat in pena dicti statuti. et quod nulla persona. vendat uel uendere faciat. in bugella nec etiam tenere in mercato bugelle pannum. In quo sit aiqua ex predictis. Et qui contra in aliquo fecerit soluat bannum ut supra et perdat pannum et perueniat in comuni et quilibet possit eos accusare et denunciare et capere pannum. dum modo consignet consulibus et habeat suam partem banni et panni. et consules teneantur dictos denunciatores et accussatores tenere priuatos. et contra omnia predicta inquirere.

251. [X] CONCERNING THAT WHICH IS PROHIBIED OR WHICH HAS BEEN CHANGED FROM ITS NATURAL COLOR. A MEASURE OF CLOTH WHICH ONE SHOULD NOT PRESUME TO MAKE OR SELL.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any one from Biella, whether staying or living in Biella, may not place nor may cause the hides of bulls, cows, or goats to be placed in a pool (vat) of albaxium (bleach?), whether or not the hides are dyed to another color. [This bann also includes] any other protected hide or any wool dyed or drawn out of its natural color. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. and he loses the pool (vat). Both the fine and the vat fall to the commune. And, [it is understood] that no man should give his wool to any person to have it dressed who has not given surety in the presence of the consuls because he will not work on any of the aforesaid protected hides, and he, who violates this statute in any way, should pay the aforesaid fine and [the fine] falls [to the Commune] as a penalty of the aforesaid statute. And, [it is understood] that no person should sell or cause any vat to be sold or kept in Biella or in the market place of Biella. In the case of anyone of these things, he, who violates [this chapter] in any way, should pay the fine as above and he loses the vat and it falls to the commune. And, anyone can denounce and accuse them and keep the vat while he informs the consuls. And, he should have his portion of the fine and the vat and the consuls are obliged to keep the aforesaid denouncers and accusers confidential; they are also obliged to investigate all of the aforesaid matters.

252. [XI] NON SIT CONSUL PARATICI NON EST DE BUGELLA.

Item statutum est quod nullum collegium siue paraticum possit leuare aliquem consulem qui not sit de bugella et habitator bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet vice et quolibet collegio sol. XX. pp. et predictus consul cassetur.

252. [XI] THERE SHOULD NOT BE A CONSUL OF AN ASSOCIATION WHO IS NOT FROM BIELLA.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no college or paraticum (furrier) can elevate a person to the consulate who is not from Biella or an inhabitant of Biella. And, the college or furrier, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each offence and college and the aforesaid consul(-elect) is quashed.

253. [XII] QUID IURENT CONSULES PARATICORUM CONSULIBUS DE BUGELLA. ET QUID CONSULES COMUNIS FACERE TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod consules comunis teneantur omni anno tempore quo recipiunt seguertas facere. Iurare ad sancta dei euangelia omnes consules cuiuslibet collegij siue paratici loci bugelle quod ipsi consules nec aliquis ipsorum de collegio vtentur aliquibus statuti nisi aprobatis per comune bugelle et consules teneantur facere fieri unum librum in quo ponantur omnia statuta paraticorum comprobata. per comune et hoc intelligatur quod non vtentur aliquibus statutis uel ordinamentis qui sint contra honorem et vtilitate, comunis bugelle. 253. [XII] WHAT THE CONSUL OF AN ASSOCIATION SHOULD SWEAR TO THE CONSULS OF BIELLA AND WHAT THE CONSULS OF THE COMMUNE ARE OBLIGED TO DO.

In the same way, it has been decreed that the consuls of the Commune are obliged every year at that time which they receive their sequertae (retinue) should cause all of the consuls of each college or pariticum of the locale of Biella to swear that neither of the consuls nor anyone of their college should use any statutes unless [they have been] approved of by the Commune of Biella; and the consuls are obliged to see to it that all of the statutes of the pariticum approved of by the Commune are in place. And, [it is understood] for this purpose that no statutes which are contrary to the honor or expediency of the Commune of Biella should be employed.

254. [XIII] HABITANTES EXTRA PORTAM QUOD SACRAMENTUM FACERE TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod omnes habitantes extra portas bugelle. debeant facere saluitatem et Iurare accusare omnes rumpentes et menantes rugiam prope canales per. quatur perticas. et facientes aliquod dampnum alicui uel comuni. et quod non receptabunt nec ement aliquod buschum captum uel portatum per aliquem personam. et si siuerint aliquem portentem uel recipientem uel ementem extra portas bugelle accusabunt consulibus Infra VIII. dies post quam siuerint et consules super hijs teneantur inquirere.

254. [XIII] WHICH SWORN OATH THOSE WHO LIVE OUTSIDE OF THE GATE ARE OBLIGED TO KEEP.

In the same way, it has been decreed that all persons who are living outside of the gates should give surety and swear that they will accuse all who damage and occupy the embankment along the canals for a distance of four perticas who cause any loss to the embankment or to the commune. And, [it is understood] that they will not receive nor buy any firewood taken or carried off by any person and, if they have become aware of someone who is carrying off, accepting or selling (firewood) outside of Biella, they will make an accusation to the consuls within eight days after they have been made aware [of the misdeed] and the consuls are required to investigate these matters.

255. [XIIII] AD CREDENTIAM NON DUCATUR QUI NON FUERIT HABITATOR.

Item statutum est quod nullus consul alicuius collegij possit ducere aliquem in credenciam qui non sit recpetus in habitatorem bugelle Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol> XX. pp.

255. [XIIII] HE WHO IS NOT AN INHABITANT (OF BIELLA) SHOULD NOT BE BROUGHT BEFORE THE CREDENTIA.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no Consul of any college can bring anyone into the Credentia who has not been accepted as an inhabitant of Biella. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp.

256. [XV] QUANDO MASNENGI UT FATIANT SALUITATEM PER DOMINOS SINT CONSULIBUS PRESENTANDI.

Item statutum est quod omnes et singuli tenentes uasallos in bugella pressentent ipsos consulibus bugelle, adjurandum saluitatem usque ad natiuitatem domini, et qui eose postea firmauerit. Infra. XV. dies post quam eos firmauerit. et qui contrafecereit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice.sol.V.et pro quolibet mensse sol.V. pp.

256. [XV] WHEN VASSSALS SHOULD BE PRESENTED TO THE CONSULS BY THEIR LORDS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE PROTECTION (i.e., SWEAR FEALTY).

In the same way, it has been decreed that each and every person who maintains vassals in Biella should present them to the Consuls of Biella to take an oath of support (fealty) until the Feast Day of the Nativity of the Lord, and afterwards he should confirm them within fifteen days after the one on which he had first taken them. And, he, who violates [this chapter] should pay a fine of five solidi for each and every offence and five solidi pp. for each month [the violation persists].

257. [XVI] FORENSIS HABITANS IN BUGELLA COMUNITATIBUS NON UTATUR DONEC SECUNDUM STATUTA PRESTITERIT CAUTIONEM.

Item statutum est quod aliqua uel....Vniuerssitas de extra bugellam que nunc state de cetero uenerit habitandum et standum in bugella. siue in eius curte et territorio non possit nec debeat pascare nec boscare In comunibus et buschis et pascuis bugelle nec super eius curte et territorio nisi prius fecerit bonam et ydoneam securitatem de soluendis comuni et hominibus bugelle. fodris sacijs scuffis et alijs impossicionibus, sicut alij homines stantes et habitantes in bugellam et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol.XX.pp. et consules per eorum sacramentum. Incontinenti expellere et expelli facere teneantur pascantes et boscantes et contra predicta facientes.

257. [XVI] A FOREIGNER LIVING IN BIELLA SHOULD NOT TAKE ADVANTAGE (OF THE BENEFITS) OF THE COMMUNITIES UNTIL HE EXHIBTS A BOND ACCORDING TO THE STATUTE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any or [....blank....] community from outside of Biella who now resides in or who will henceforth come to live and reside in Biella or in its holding or territory can not and should not graze or pasture (his animals or flocks) in the communes, thickets, and meadows of Biella nor its holding or territory, unless he has made or will have made good and suitable surety by paying to the Commune and men of Biella dues, payments, scutages and other impositions as do the other men living and residing in Biella; and he, who violates [this bann] should pay twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence. And, the consuls are bound on their oath to expel immediately or to cause persons who are grazing or pasturing [their animals] or acting contrary to the statute to be expelled immediately.

258. [XVII] PENA DOMINORUM ET HABITANTIUM EXTRA PORTAS.

Item statutum est quod nullus debeat habitare cum familia sua a canalibus superius et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet edomada qua ibi steterit postquam ei perceptum fuerit quod non stet sol. XX.pp. Et si quod dampnum ei fieret stando ultra ipsam finiam non emendetur sibi a comuni nec possit stare a parte berloni extra portas placij. et consules teneantur Inquirere et precipere sub dicto banno si eis fuerit denunciatum et quod non possint habere gratiam a credencia uel consulibus nisi fecerit bonam securitatem domini caxinarum quod stantes et habitantes in dictis caxinis non faciant dampna alicui persone et si contrafecerit quod soluant banna duplicata. secundum quod facerent alij homines. et aliter non possint habere licenciam a credencia et restituere dampna duplicata: et quod non possint tenere prochos capras neque agnellos sub banno sol.X.pp. pro qualibet bestia et quilibet possit accussare et teneatur privatus si acussatori placuit.

258. [XVII] THE PENALTY FOR THE LORDS AND INHABITANTS WHO LIVE OUTSIDE OF THE GATES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should live with his household from about the canals of Garella and he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each week that he stays there after he has been given an order not to remain there. And, if he should incur any loss by remaining beyond the limit, he should not be reimbursed by the commune and he can not remain from the quarter of Berlonum to beyond the gates of the public square. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate and look into [matters] under the aforesaid fine if something is reported to them. And, [it is understood] that they can not have a dispensation from the Credentia or the consuls unless he has made good surety to the owner of the houses so that those who are residing and living in the aforesaid houses do not cause a loss to anyone; and, if he violates [this bann], [it is understood] that they should pay double fines according to the standard that other men pay. And, nonetheless, they can not have a dispensation from the Credentia and they can not quash the double penalties; and, [it is understood] that they can not keep pigs, goats, or lambs under a penalty of ten solidi pp. for each animal. And, anyone can accuse and the name of the accuser can be kept confidential if it pleases him.

261. [XVIII] QUI SEQUELAM FACERE TENEANTUR ET PENA NON FATIENTIBUS ORDINATA.

Item statutum est quod omnis homo qui habitauerit in bugella uel super eis territorio.a.XV. annis usque ad.LXX. faciat et juret sequelam In manibus consulum comunis et qui eam non fecerit post quam preconizatum fuerit soluat bannum sol. II. pro qualibet edomada qua steterit. et postea eam feaciat et consules teneantur dicta banna excutere infra. XV. dies. et non possint dare licentiam alicui et teneantur de predictis inquirere et debeant Iurare quod non capient nec portabunt de bladis rapis vuis fructibus arborum de feno nec erba de lignis nemoribus rebus comunis bugelle nec alicuius hominis de bugella super curia et districtu begelle. et quod non dabunt conscilium. auxilium. bannitis dicti comunis et si uiderint alios eis dantes ipsos teneantur per eorum sacramentum accussare.

261. [XVIII] THOSE WHO ARE OBLIGED TO MAKE AN ACT OF WILLINGNESS TO FOLLOW AND THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO DO NOT ACKNOWLEDGE THAT WHICH HAS BEEN ORDAINED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that each man who lives in Biella or its territory from the age of fifteen to the age of seventy should make and swear to an "act of service" on the hands of the Consuls of the Commune and he who does not do this as soon as he has been made aware of it should pay a fine of two solidi for each week that they remain (in violation of this statute). And, he should do that [which is required above] and the consuls are obliged to carry out the assigned banns within fifteen days. And, [the consuls] can not give a dispensation to anyone and they are obliged to inquire about the aforesaid things. And, they should swear that they will not take or carry off any reaped grains, grapes, fruits from the trees of the harvest, or foliage from the woods of the forests of Biella, or from any man of Biella from the curia and District of Biella. And, [it is understood] that they will not give aid or counsel to the banned persons of the aforesaid commune and, if they see others giving aid to them, they are obliged to acuse them on their sworn oath.

262, 263. [XIX] NON UTANTUR STATUTA PARATICHA, NISI A COMUNI SPECIALITER APPROBATIS.

Item statutum est quod si aliqua persona de bugella cuiuscumque paratici siue collegij. siue mestralie sit. siue de messarijs et bubulcis. siue de notarijs. uel de becarijs uel de mercatoribus uel de calegarijs uel de pellicarijs. aut de testoribus fuerit inhobediens uel rebellis suo paraticho siue collegio et noluerit attendere et obseruare statuta et ordinamenta sui collegij. iusta et racionabiliter facta et per comune aprobata et erit inhobediens preceptis suorum consulum. Iuste eis factis non teneatur nec habeatur pro uicino. sed sit exculssus ab omni comodo et vtilitate comunis nec sit nec esse debeat de conscilio nec de credencia nec debeat habere aliquod officium comunis. Et hoc intelligatur. nisi dicta statuta et ordinamenta essent facta contra honorem et vtilitatem comunis et hominum bugelle.

262, 263. [XIX] THE STATUTE OF ASSOCIATION SHOULD NOT BE USED UNLESS IT HAS BEEN SPECIALLY APPROVED OF BY THE COMMUNE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any person from Biella, of whatever paraticus, college, or mestralia he might be, or whether he is one of the mace- bearers, ox-drivers, notaries, butchers, merchants,monks, peleterers, or weaver has been disobedient or rebellious to his paraticus or college and does not wish to heed or observe the statutes or ordinances of his own college which have been justly and rationally developed and approved of by the commune and he will be disobedient to the precepts of his own consuls which have been justly developed by them, he should not be held to be or considered to be a vicinus (a member of the neighborhood) and by this he should be excluded from every opportunity and advantage of the Commune and he may not be nor should be a member of the Council or the Credentia. And, he should not have any office in the Commune. And, this is to be understood, unless the aforesaid statutes and ordinances have been made against the honor and advantage of the Commune and men of Biella.

263. Item statutum est quod omnia statuta et ordinamenta cuiuslibet paratici siue collegij debeant legi in publica credencia. et tunc ibi aprobantur statuta conueniencia et bona. et contraria cassantur et irritentur Et quod illud paraticum siue collegium quod faceret inter se aliqua pacta siue conuenciones contra ea que preciperentur per consules comunis. soluat bannum. sol. LX.pp. pro qualibet edomada qua perseuerarent et postea sint cassa et irrita. Et consules teneantur facere legi illa statuta infra natiuitatem domini.

263. In the same way, it has been decreed that all of the statutes and ordinances of any paraticum or college should be read publically in the Credentia. And, then the suitable and good statutes are approved there and contrary statutes are quashed and voided. And, [it is understood] that the paraticum or college which enacts on its own any agreements or conventions against those which have been enacted by the consuls of the Commune should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp. for each week that they support [those agreements] and they are afterwards quashed and voided. And, the consuls are obliged to cause those statutes and agreements to be read by the [Feast of the] Nativity of the Lord.

264. [XX] PRETIUM OLEARIJS PRO FATIENDO OLEO COSTITUTUM.

Item statutum est quod omnes olearij. qui habitant in bugella teneantur et debeant primo facere oleum hominibus de bugella. quam forenssibus pro denar. VII pilatam. Et teneantur consules facere hoc per eos obseruari et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet uice. sol. V. et quisque possit accussare et habeat suam partem banni. et qui daret plus soluat bannum sol. II. et consules teneantur inquirere sicut de ludo si eis denunciati uel acusati fuerint.

264. [XX] THE REWARD FOR OIL DEALERS FOR ACKNOWLEDGING THE REGULATION OF OIL.

In the same way, it has been decreed that all oil dealers, who live in Biella are obliged to and should make oil available to the men of Biella before foreigners at a rate of seven denarii per pilata. And, the consuls are obliged to see to it that this is observed by them. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi for each offence and anyone may accuse and have a portion of the fine. And he, who gives more, should pay a fine of two solidi and the consuls are obliged to investigate as concerning gambling, if people are accused or denounced to them.

265. [XXI] PRO QUANTO TESTORES PANNUM ET TELAM FACERE TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod omnes testores habitantes in bugella teneantur et debeant facere telam hominum de bugella antequam forenssium silicet parietem riste subtilis. pro denar. XVI. et riste grosse. pro denar. XIIII.or et stupe. pro. den. XII. et pecagnonorum. pro. denar. X. et non plus. Ed de pariete panni albi habeat. denar. VIIII. et de nigro denar X. Et non plus. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet vice. sol. quinque. et qui plus inde dederit soluat simile bannum nec debeat aliquid capere de spolis nec de ordimento. et consules teneantur hoc facere obseruari. et contrafacientes inquirere tamquam de ludo. si eis denunciati uel acusati fuerint.

265. [XXI] FOR HOW MUCH WEAVERS ARE OBLIGED TO MAKE A MEASURE OF CLOTH AND A LOOM.

In the same way, it has been decreed that all textile workers who live in Biella should produce cloth for the men of Biella, before they produce it for foreigners; [and, they should charge] sixteen denarii for a measure (paries) that is finely drawn and fourteen denarii for a measure that is coarsely drawn. They may also charge twelve denarii for a stupa and ten denarii for a pecagnori, and no more. But, for a portum of white cloth, they may charge nine denarii and for the same measure of black cloth, they may charge ten denarii. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay five solidi as a fine for each offence and he, who should give more therefrom, should pay a similar fine and he should take nothing of the extorted profit nor of the regular profit. And the consuls are obliged to see to it that this is observed and to investigate violators as if they were gamblers if they are denounced or reported to them.

266. [XXII] ADVOCANTES ET PROCURANTES CONTRA COMUNITATEM.

Item statutum est quod aliquis de bugella qui habitet in bugella non debeat nec pressumat esse syndicus procurator nec actor nec advocatus alicuius uel aliquorum contra honorem et bonas consuetudines comunis et hominum bugelle et qui contrafecerit sit penitus exclussus ab omni honore comodo et vtilitate comunis bugelle et non sit de credencia nec de conscilio nec habeat aliquod officium comunis. et si aliquod dampnum ei fieet non emendetur ei nec restituatur per predictum comune. et soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. LX. pp.

266. [XXII] ADVOCATES AND PROCURATORS AGAINST THE COMMUNITY.

In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone from Biella who lives in Biella should nor be nor should dare to be a syndic, proctor, agent, or an advocate for any one or any persons who are acting contrary to the honor and good customs of the Commune and men of Biella. And he, who violates [this bann], should be forthwith excluded from every honor, profit, and advantage of the Commune of Biella and he can not be a member of the Credentia or the Council and he can not hold any office of the Commune. And, if he should incur any loss, it need not be paid or restored to him by the aforesaid commune, and, he should pay a fine of sixty solidi for each and every offence.

269. [XXIII] EXTRANEUS QUI NON TENUIT TOTA YEME PASCARI COMUNITATIBUS NEQUEAT IN ESTATE.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod non liceat aliqui persone habitanti in bugella. tenere bestias aliquas in pascherijs uel alpibus bugelle nisi dictas bestias tenuisset et custodiuisset in dicto loco bugelle. tota igeme. uel nisi ecciam stet et habitet in loco bugelle. et nisi esset de bugella. uel receptus habitator bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit. soluat pro qualibet ebdomada. sol. XX. pp. Et consules teneantur inquirere quotiens eis fuerit denuntiatum et tenere denunciatores priuatos.

269. [XXIII] A FOREIGNER WHO DOES NOT RETAIN AN ASSOCIATION FOR AN ENTIRE WINTER TO GRAZE MAY BE DENIED IT IN THE SUMMMER.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that no one living in Biella should be permitted to keep any animals in the pastureland or the highland meadows (alpes) of Biella, unless he had kept and guarded the aforesaid animals in the aforesaid locale of Biella during the entire winter or unless he also stays and lives in Biella itself and unless they are from Biella, or he is considered an inhabitant of Biella. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi for each week. And the consuls are obliged to investigate as often as it is reported to them and they are obliged to keep the denouncers confidential.

XV. RUBRICA DE VIIS ET ALLIS COMUNITATIBUS

XV. THE RUBRIC CONCERNS ROADS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS

271. [I] TRIVOLA VIARUM CONSULES ACTARI FACERE TENEANTUR.

Statutum est quod consules teneantur facere altari et meliorari triuola facta et que decetero fient in viis publicis in territorio bugelle post quam siuerint uel eis fuerit denunciatum. ad laudem. quatuor hominum uel sex. et illa persona que non altauerit dicta tiuola. secundum quod ei preceptum fuerit per consules. soluat bannum. sol. X. pp. pro qualibet edomada.

271. [I] AT TREVOLA, THE CONSULS OF THE ROADS ARE OBLIGED TO SEE TO IT THAT THEY ARE TAKEN CARE OF.

It has been decreed that the consuls are obliged to see to it that the crossroads, which have been constructed in the public roads, be leveled and improved in the territory of Biella as soon as they are aware [of the need] or as soon as it has been reported to them upon the advice of four or six men. And the person, who does not level the aforesaid crossroads according to the standard to which they have been ordered by the consuls, should pay a fine of ten solidi for each week [the work is not completed].

272. [II] NON CAPIANTUR LAPIDES PER QUOS VIE UEL COMUNITAS DAMPNIFICETUR.

Item statutum est quod nulla persona debeat aranchare siue capere uel asportare uel predicta fieri facere aliquos. lapides de quibus dampnificentur vie de viis comunibus siue de costis nec in aliquibus alijs partibus vbi sint vie publice placij. uel plani nec aliquibus rialis nec fossatis. que possint damnificari vie. uel possessiones. aliquis. et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol. viginti pp. postea reficiat dampnum et consules teneantur Inquirere. et tenere accussatores et denunciatores priuatos.

272. [II] ROCKS SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN AWAY AS A RESULT OF WHICH ROADS OR CORPORATIONS INCUR LOSSES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should remove, take, carry off the stones or cause anyone to do any of the aforesaid things because of which the roads of the communal road system, or the coast, the public square or the level areas or any other places where the the public roads may be damaged or from any ravines or ditches in which the roads or possessions of any person can be damaged thereby. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence and afterward he should pay for the damage. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate and to keep the [names of the] accusers or denouncers confidential.

273. [III] COMUNITATES PENDINARUM PLATIJ SEMPER IN COMUNI DEBEANT PERMANERE.

Item statutum est quod comunia de ualle belloni et de valixella et de pendina placij. Verssus bellonum que fuerunt asignata comunia per comune bugelle debeant stare et permanere aperta omni tempore et ille qui ea clauderet uel claudi faceret soluat bannum. sol. XX. pp. et postea disclaudat id quod ex hijs comunibus clauserit.

273. [III] THE CORPORATIONS OF PENDINA PLACII SHOULD ALWAYS REMAIN IN THE COMMUNE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that the Communes of Valle Belloni, Valixella, Pendena Placii, opposite of Bellonum, which were designated communes by the Commune of Biella should stay and remain open at all times and he, who closes them or causes them to be closed should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. and afterwards he should open up that which he had closed in those communes.

274. [IIII] PENA OCCUPANTIUM UIAS PUBLICAS UEL PLATHEAS.

Item statutum est quod qui strinxerit uel clauserit aliquam viam uel platheam uel aliquod comune. soluat bannum. sol. XX. pp. et postea eam larget et disclaudat.

274. [IIII] THE PENALTY FOR OCCUPYING THE PUBLIC ROADS AND PUBLIC SQUARES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he who restricts or closes any road, or public square, or commune should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. and afterwards he should enlarge or open them up.

275. [V] PUNIATUR QUI AD ACTAS UIAS PUBLICAS SUFFTIENTUM NUNTIUM NON TRANSMITTIT.

Item statutum est quod qui non Iverit uel sufficientem nuncium non misserit ad altendas vias quando precipietur soluat bannum sol. II. pp.

275. [V] HE SHOULD BE PUNISHED WHO DOES NOT SEND A PARTY SUFFICIENT TO REPAIR THE PUBLIC ROADS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who does not go or send adequate notice for the leveling of the roads when he has been ordered to, should pay a fine of two solidi pp.

276. [VI] QUI UIAS FRANGIT PUBLICE ORDINATAS.

Item statutum est quod qui ronperet aliquam uiam propter sulciam uel propter scrineam uel aliqua alia occaxione soluat bannum sol. XX. et reficiat eam.

276. [VI] HE WHO DAMAGES THE ROADS WHICH HAVE BEEN PUBLICLY ESTABLISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he who damages any road through furrowing, making a culvert, or any other activity, should pay a fine of twenty solidi and repair it.

277. [VII] EXTRA PALENCHATA NON LICEAT SUPER FOSSATIS ARBORES ALLEUARE.

Item statutum est quod nullus debeat tenere nec alleuare arbores super fossatum extra palenchatum plani nec aliquod aliud alleuamen nec aliquid ibi vastare nec seminare et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum. sol. XX. et ille que modo ibi sunt incidantur usque pasca. et camparij teneantur omni mensse inquirere omnia fossata. et si quid inuenerit ibi factum contra predicta debeant acussare.

277. [VII] OUTSIDE OF PALENCHATA, IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO GROW TREES ABOVE THE DITCHES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no man should keep or raise trees atop the ditch outside of Palenchatum on the plain, nor any other planting, or anything else to damage or plant [in the ditch]. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi and the plants which are there should be cut down as feed (silage). And, the camparii are obliged to check all of the ditches every month. And, if anything should be discovered that has been done contrary to the aforesaid statutes, they should make accusations.

278. [VIII] IN COMUNI UEL PLATHEIS MOLAS NULLI LICITUM SIT TENERE.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat tenere aliquam molam nec porcilum aliquod in platheis nec in portucubus super comuni bugelle. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet vice sol. quinque. si fuerit accussatus et consules teneantur facere auferri predicta infra octo dies post quam eis fuerit denunciatum siue dictum.

278. [VIII] IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO ESTABLISH MILLS IN THE COMMUNE OR PUBLIC SQUARES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should keep any mule or pig in the public squares or the porticoes of the Commune of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi. If anyone has been accused, the consuls are obliged to see to it that the aforesaid animals are removed within eight days after [their presence] has been reported or told to them.

279. [VIIII] FATIENTES IN UIJS PER QUI IN ALIQUO LEDATUR COMUNITAS UEL UTILITAS SPECIALIS.

Item statutum est quod aliquam persona de bugella non debeat ponere uel cauere. nec fieri facere terram nec lapides in aliquibus pubblicis vijs nec sulcias uel triuolos uel aliquid aliud opus. quod peioret uel dampnificet vias uel que possit dampnificare aliquas possessiones aliquius hominibus de bugella. et qui contrafecerit. soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. nec in aliqua parte super communibus Intra clausuras placij et plani et officiales acussare teneantur. et quod consules non possint dare licenciam. set teneantur inquirere. si fuerit eis denunciatum et tenere denunciatores et accussatores priuatos.

279. [VIIII] ASSOCIATIONS OR SPECIAL ACTIVITIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THEY SHOULD NOT POLLUTE THE ROADS IN ANY WAY.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person from Biella should place, dig up, or cause any earth or stones to be dumped onto the public roads, ditches, crossroads, or any other construction that impairs or damages the roads or which can damage any possessions of any man of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. And, the officials are obliged to make accusations in any part [of Biella] regarding the communes between the enclosures of the public square and the open area. And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation, but rather they are obliged to investigate if someone reports [a violation] to them. The names of accusers and denouncers are reuired to be kept confidential.

280. [X] SCRINEAM QUE IN COMUNI EXEAT NULLI LICITUM SIT TENERE.

Item statutum est quod nullus debeat tenere aliquam scrineam que habeat exitum ipsius scrinee super terram comunis. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. postea auferat eam. Et quod nullus debeat tenere scrineam super comune. et quod quilibet possit accusare et denuntiare et tenebitur priuatus.

280. [X] NO ONE IS PERMITTED TO PLACE A STRUCTURE ON ANY ROAD IN THE COMMUNITY WHICH LEADS OUT OF THE AREA.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should keep a culvert whose exit opens onto the land of the Commune. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. and he should remove the culvert afterward. And, [it is understood] that no one should keep a culvert in the commune [that will cause damage]. And, [it is understood] that anyone can accuse and denounce and his name will be held in confidence.

281. [XI] NON PROHITIATUR IN PUBLICO FETOR UEL AQUA A PELLIBUS DETURPATA.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat proicere aquam in qua baniata uel moliata fuerint coria prluta nec acquam calcinarij nec aquam molticij siue molticium uel peziam. neque pelles molliatas siue coria in vijs pubblicis uel platheis seu fiat fetor que uadant in uias pubblicas nec in rugia placij uel plani aliquo modo. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. quinque. pp. et quisque possit accussare et habeat suam partem banni. Et consules non possint dare licenciam et consules teneantur inquirere et tenere accussatores et denunciatores priuatos.

281. [XI] STENCH AND WATER FOULED BY SKINS SHOULD NOT BE THROWN OUT IN A PUBLIC PLACE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should throw any water onto the public roads or public squares which contains banned or ground materials, intestines, skins, water containing lime, leather wastes, hides, cured skins, pelts, scraped hides, or intestines. No one should cause dung to run onto the public roads or into the ditches of the public square or the open areas [of the city] in any manner. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi for each and every offence and anyone can accuse or have a portion of the fine. And, the consuls can not give a dispensation and the consuls are obliged to investigate and keep [the names of] accusers and denouncers confidential.

282. [XII] NON LICEAT PASCHARI IN LAUAZANO NEC PRO AQUA DUCENDA RUMPERE DICTAM UIAM.

Item statutum est quod nullus debeat ire passcatum In via lauazani a lossenta usque ad crucem lauzani. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum. sol. V. et consules non possint dare licenciam. Et illi qui ducunt aquam per dictam viam non debeant trauerssare viam. nisi fecerint bonos pontes. super uiam. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol. XX. pp. ille qui duceret uel haberet in pratis. et super pontibus ducentibus aquam et consules teneantur inquirere si eis fuerit denunciatum.

282. [XII] NO ONE HAS PERMISSION TO GRAZE IN LAUAZANO NOR TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AFORESAID ROAD IN ORDER TO DRAW WATER.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should graze animals on the Via Lauazani from Lossenta all the way to the cross of Lauazani. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi and the consuls can not give a dispensation. And those who draw water alongside the aforesaid road should not cross over that road unless they have built a good bridge over that road. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence. It is the same for he who conducts or keeps water in the meadows and concerning those bridges drawing water. And the consuls are obliged to investigate if anything has been reported to them.

283. [XIII] PROHITIENTES ET INCIDENTES REUNZATURAS IN PUBLICO PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod nullus ferrarius ronzet aliquam segeciam in aliqua parte. Ita quod ronzatura possit ire in via publica . nec eas ronzaturas proicere in via. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol. V. pp. et quilibet possit accussare palam et privatim.

283. [XIII] THOSE WHO THROW AWAY OR CUT UP METAL WASTE IN A PUBLIC PLACE SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no farrier (iron smith) should grind any metal waste anywhere so that what will be ground down will go onto the public road and he should not throw that which will be ground down onto a public road. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi pp. for each and every offence. And, anyone can make accusations publicly or privately.

284. [XIIII] PENA FATIENTIUM IN PRATIS QUE TENENTUR A COMUNI ALIUD NISI PRATUM ET EXCENTIUM ULTRA FINES.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non audeat uel presumat seare nec seari facere prata que tenet a comuni. nisi tantum quantum eis assignatum et determinatum est per comune. uel nuntios dicti comunis. et quicunque seuerit ultra mensuram debitam et seari fecerit. seu seauerit in sorapresijs seu hedificauerit laboravit uel aliter quocunque modo occupauerit terram comunis uel sibi datam per soprapresiam cadat ab omni iure quod habet et habere posset in dictis pratis que tenet a comuni et consules non paciantur poni in credencia quod ei fiat aliqua gratia et gratia seu reformatio facta contra presens statutum nullam omnino habeat firmitatem. et ultra hoc non audeat uel presumat seare prata que tenet a comuni. nisi prius soluerit salarium clauario comunis in pena et banno. sol. V. pp.

284. [XIIII] THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO DISPOSE OF [WASTE MATERIALS] IN MEADOWS WHICH ARE HELD BY THE COMMUNE, UNLESS IT IS IN ANOTHER MEADOW [DESIGNATED BY THE COMMUNE] AND THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO GO BEYOND THE LIMITS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should dare or presume to sow or cause any meadows which are held by the commune to be sown, unless it is only to the extent that it has been directed and determined by the commune or by the nuncios of the aforesaid commune. And, anyone else who sows or causes land to be sown beyond the measure deemed necessary or who sows in fields [designated as] sorapresia or builds on, works, or occupies in anyway whatsoever the land of the commune or [land] given to it by sorapresia should yield by every law which he might have or could have in the aforesaid meadows which are held by the commune. And, the consuls are not permitted to submit to the Credentia [any legislative proposal] that would create any licence, dispensation, or reform against [the intent of] the present statute and [and such legislation] created [against the intent of the statute] should have utterly no validity. And, furthermore, he should not dare nor presume to seed meadowes which are held by the commune unless he has paid a penalty and fine in the amount of five solidi pp. to the treasurer of the Commune.

285. [XV] TENENTES A COMUNI QUANDO FICTA SOLUERE TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod tenentes prata comunis montium et nemorum comunis bugelle ad fictum. teneantur et debeant soluisse uel satisfecisse fictum clauario comunis. qui pro temporibus fuerit. Infra medium mensis augusti et ficta pratorum insule sarui. Et omnia alia ficta per. VIII. dies ante festum sancti martini. Et qui non soluerit Infra predictos uel satisfecerit teneantur soluere et acordare clauario quartum plus ascenderit dictum fictum. de quo quarto nullam possit habere gratiam. Et quod clauarius de dicto quarto teneatur comuni integram reddere rationem siue exigerit siue non.

285. [XV] WHEN THOSE WHO HOLD [HONORS] FROM THE COMMUNE ARE OBLIGED TO PAY TAXES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that those, who hold meadows of the commune of the woods and the mountains of the commune of Biella as a feudal holding (ad fictum), are obliged to and should pay and render satisfaction for the feudal dues to the communal treasurer, who is currently in office by the middle of the month of August. And, the feudal dues of the Island of Sarium and all feudal dues (are to be paid) through the eight days before the Feast of St. Martin. And, he, who does not pay or render satisfaction within the aforesaid times is obliged to pay and render to the treasurer of the commune an additional one fourth of the which the aforesaid feudal dues require. And, [it is understood] that the treasurer is required to render a full accounting concerning the aforesaid quarter [payment] whether or not it was exacted.

XVI. RUBRICA DE BESTIJS.

XVI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING ANIMALS.

286. [I] FORENSIS PASCHARI NEQUIT IN TERRITORIO DE BUGELLA.

Statutum est quod qui duxerit uel duci fecerit. bestias hominum de extra bugellam ad pascandum in communi. nec in territorio bugelle sine licencia credencia soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. Et consules teneantur per eorum sacramentum inquirere. et post quam sciuerunt incontinenti expellere uel expelli facere bestias omnes desuper dictum territorium et curte comunis bugelle.

286. [I] A FOREIGNER CAN NOT GRAZE [HIS ANIMALS] IN THE TERRITORY OF BIELLA.

It has been decreed that anyone, who leads or causes the animals belonging to men from outside of Biella to pasture in the Commune or territory of Biella without the licence from the Credencia, should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence. And the consuls are obliged on their sworn oath to investigate and, as soon as they are aware, to expel immediately or to cause all of the animals to be expelled from the aforesaid territory and holding of the Commune of Biella.

287. [II] DAMPNA PROPRIA POSSIT QUILIBET ACCUSARE.

Item statutum est quod quilibet accussare omnes bestias et omnia dampna ei vel eis facta. et soluant bannum sicut statutum est.

287. [II] ANYONE CAN ACCUSE REGARDING LOSSES TO HIS OWN [PROPERTY].

In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone can report all of the animals and all of the losses which he or she has incurred, and, they, who have violated [this bann], should pay the fine as it has been decreed.

288. [III] PENA CAPRAS TENENTIBUS ORDINATA.

Item statutum est quod nullus teneant capram uel capras in territorio bugelle. nisi a sancta maria superius. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. quinque. pro qualibet vice quam fuerit accussatus uel requisitus pro qualibet capra. alijs statutis de bestijs pascantibus seu dampnum dantibus in fortilicijs seu circa fortilicias plani et placij. et circa clausuras in suo statu permanentibus. Et consules non possint dare licenciam. nisi essent omnes quatuor simul qui darent licenciam alicui tenendi vnam solam capram propter necessitatem alicuius pueri parui et infirmi in domo sua extra omnia dampna comunis capras ad occidendum statim et quas non possint tenere nec ducere In aliquibus cessis uel claussuris nec in aliquibus partibus cultis hedificatis uel plantatis que possint vastari. Et qui contrafecerit. Soluat bannum sicut alij homines et quod consules non possint dare licentiam nisi volens tenere quod habent vnam de predictis causis.

288. [III] THE PENALTY ORDAINED FOR THOSE WHO KEEP GOATS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should keep a goat or goats in the territory of Biella unless iut is from above St. Maria and he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi for each and every offence for which he has been accused and summoned and for each goat. The other statutes concerning pasturing animals or causing losses in or about the fortified areas of the open country, the public square, and the enclosed areas remain in effect. And, the consuls can not give permission unless all four at the same time grant permission to someone to keep a single goat because of the need of a small or sick boy in his own home without (causing) any losses for the Commune or men of Biella and unless it might be a butcher who is keeping any goats for immediate slaughter and which they can not keep or lead onto any other properties or enclosures or any other cultivated areas, buildings, sown fields which can be damaged. And, he, who violates [this bann] should pay the fine as other men [do] and [it is understood] that the consuls can not grant permission to anyone unless those wishing to keep goats swear that they will keep only one for the aforesaid reasons.

289. [IIII] PENA PRO BESTIJS IN UIJS CAMPANIE PASCHANTIBUS ORDINATA.

Item statutum est quod nullus debeat ducere aliquam bestiam ad pascandum a sancto eussebio. et a volta ripe inferius. et qui contrafecerit soluat. bannum. sol. II. pro qualibet bestia. a Kalendis maij. usque ad sanctum michaellem nisi fuerit bestia que laboret. Et consules non possint dare licenciam.

289. [IIII] THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO GRAZE THEIR ANIMALS ON THE ROAD TO THE CAMPANIA.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should lead any animal to pasture from St, Eusebius and from below the right bank of the river. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of two solidi for each animal from the Kalends of May to the Feast of St. Michael, unless they are animals which perform work. And the consuls can not grant a dispensation.

290. [V] DOMINI BESTIARUM IN FOSSATIS PASCHANTIUM PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod si aliqua bestia fuerit inventa pascare in fossatis de plano. soluat bannum. sol. II. et consules non possint dare licenciam.

290. [V] THE HERDSMEN OF ANIMALS FEEDING IN THE DITCHES SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any animal should have been found grazing on the ditches of the plain, [its owner] should pay a fine of two solidi and the consuls can not grant a dispensation.

291. [VI] PASCHANTES DE NOCTE QUID SOLUERE TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod qui fuerit Inventus extra bugellam de nocte ad pascandum cum aliquibus bestijs uel staret extra post canpanam custodum In pascuis soluat bannum. sol. XX. pro qualibet vice. nisi essent boues Iuntores cum carro.

291. [VI] WHAT THOSE WHO GRAZE THEIR ANIMALS DURING THE NIGHT ARE OBLIGED TO PAY.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who has been found outside of Biella grazing any of his animals or remaining outside [of Biella] in the pastures after the guard bell [has sounded], should pay a fine of twenty solidi for each offence unless they are oxen yoked to a wagon.

XVII. RUBRICA DE DAMPNIS ET GUASTIS.

XVII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING LOSSES AND DAMAGES.

292. [I] QUE QUOMODO ET QUANDO PRO DAPNIS ET GUASTIS SIT RESTITUITIO FATIENDA.

Statutum est quod si combureretur aliqua domus uel cassina seu tectum uel blava uel fenum uel palea uel si Incideretur aliqua uinea uel Incissa seu ruscata fuerit aliqua arbor uel blaua uel caneua uel si occidetur uel mangagnabitur aliqua bestia uel si deuastabitur vinum. Incaneuatum. uel si factum fuerit aliquod dampnum uel guastum clam uel occulte seu furtiue alicui homini uel mulieri de bugella uel habitanti in bugella soluenti et substinenti fodra et dacia et omnia honera cum comuni et hominibus bugelle. et ipse uel ipsi uel quibus dampnum factum fuerit Iuruerit ad sancta dei euangelia quod nesciuit quis sibi hoc dampnum fecerit. Et si aliquo tempore habuerit aliquam restitucionem de ipso dampno quod eam rendent et restituent comuni bugelle quod ipsum dapnum estimetur per estimatores comunis bugelle. uel alios bonos homines ad hoc deputatos qui sciant illud dampnum. Et restituatur totum illud dampnum illi uel illis cui uel quibus factum fuerit. a comuni bugelle. Infra tempus ipsius consulatus nisi fieret tempore guerre pro rebelles comunis videlicet si nesiretur quis hoc fecisset. et si sciretur qui hoc fecisset debeat restitui per Comune de rebus ipsius qui hoc fecisset si haberet tantum vnde. et si esset de bugella et si ipse non haberet tantum uel si non esset de bugella residuum restituatur eis de communi begelle sicut supra dictum est. Eo saluo quod per hoc statutum non Intelligatur de porcis. nec de furtis. quod debeant emendari de comuni. et consules teneantur capere uel petere racionem illius qui fecisset dampnum. et dare et consignare comuni ed hoc teneantur facere infra tempus eorum consulatus per eorum Iuramentum.

292. [I] BOTH HOW AND WHEN RESTITUTION MUST BE MADE FOR LOSSES AND DAMAGES.

It has been decreed that if any home, tenement, building, grain, hay, or straw should be burned, or, if any vineyard should be cut down, or, if any tree, grain, or hemp plants should be cut down or chopped up, or, if any animal should be killed or maimed, or, if any vine which has been tied should be ruined, or, if any damage or loss should be incurred openly, secretively, or furtively by any man or woman or any person living in Biella or anyone who pays, or sustains feudal dues, taxes, and all of the honors associated with the Commune or men of Biella, both the person who causes the loss or he or they who have incurred the loss should swear on the Holy Gospels of God that he does not know who caused his loss. And, if at any time a person should receive restitution for any loss which entitled him as restitution, they should repay [the money given them as the aforesaid restitution] to the Commune because their loss had [already] been evaluated by the assessors of the Commune of Biella or by other good men who were delegated for this purpose and who had been made aware of the loss. And, the entire loss should be restored to the person or to those persons who have incuured the loss by the Commune of Biella within the time of the Consulate [during which the loss was incurred] unless it occurred during a time of war on behalf of those who are in rebellion against the Commune and, certainly, if the person who caused the loss is known. And, if he who has caused the loss should be known, restitution should be made by the Commune from the resources of the person who caused the damage, if he should have that much [property]. And, if he is from Biella and if he should not have enough [property to cover the loss] or if he is not from Biella, the remainder [of the loss] is restored to those [who have suffered the loss] by the Commune of Biella as it has been stated above. Saving that under this statute this is not understood in regard to pigs and thieves. [It is understood] that they should be reimbursed by the Commune. And the consuls are obliged to seek and retain the rationale given by the person who has caused the loss. And, they are required to give and consign this reason to the Commune and they are obliged to see to it that this is done within the time of their consulate on their sworn oath.

293. [II] OFFENDENTES CLAUSURAS ET FOSSATA QUID SOLUERE TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod qui explanaret Inpleret uel uastaret aliquod fossatum comunis de placio uel de plano cum bestijs uel sine bestijs soluat bannum sol. LX. postea reficiat eum.

293. [II] WHAT THOSE WHO DAMAGE ENCLOSURES AND DITCHES ARE OBLIGED TO PAY.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who levels, fills in, or destroys any ditch of the Commune from the public square or from the open country with or without [the aid of] animals, should pay a fine of sixty solidi and afterward repair it.

294. Item statutum est quod qui runperet portaret seu seu deuastaret aliquod palenchatum uel aliquam claussuram de placio uel de plano. Soluat bannum sol. LX. pp. postea reficiat eam. et consules teneantur inquirere.

294. In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who destroys, carries off, or lays waste to any fortification or any enclosure of the public square or the open area should pay a fine of sixty solidi and afterwards repair the damage. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate.

295. [III] OFFENDENTES AND HABITANTES IN CAVANNIS SINE LICENTIA DOMINORUM.

Item statutum est quod qui caperet fenum furtiue in cauanis siue in meis uel runperet uel deuastaret cauanas uel ramatas uel classsuras mearum feni soluat bannum sol. LX. pp. et emendet dampnum et quisque possit accusare et denunciare. Et consules teneantur inquirere et qui hospitatus fuerit in alienis cauannis siue licentia dominorum quorum fuerint cauanne soluat bannum. sol. XX. pp.

295. [III] THOSE WHO DAMAGE AND LIVE IN CAVES WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE OWNERS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone, who keeps hay furtively in harrows or stacks or who throws down or lays waste to the harrows, corrals, or enclosures of the stacks of hay, should should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp. and he should restore the loss. And, anyone can accuse or denounce. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate and he who extends hospitality into the harrows without the permission of the owners of the harrows, should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp.

296. [IIII] PUNIATUR QUI FENUM UEL HERBAM DE PRATIS EXPORTAVERIT ALIENIS.

Item statutum est quod qui rapuerit fenum In aliquibus pratis alicuius hominis de bugella soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. de die et de nocte sol. XL. et emendet dapnum. Et qui rapuerit erbam In predictis locis soluat bannum sol. quinque. de die. et de nocte sol. X. et emendet dampnum.

296. [IIII] HE, WHO EXPORTS HAY OR PLANTS FROM THE MEADOWS, SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who steals hay from meadows belonging to any men from Biella, should pay twenty solidi pp. during the day and forty at night and he should restore any loss. And, he, who steals grass in the aforesaid places should pay a fine of five solidi during the day and ten at night and he should pay for the damage.

297. [V] PUNIATUR QUI UINUM POTAUERIT AD BUTALLOS.

Item statutum est quod aliqua non debeat bibere vinum ad botallos In aliqua parte loci bugelle nisi de licencia illius cuius esset dictum vinum. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. II. pp. Et quisque possit accussare.

297. [V] HE, WHO CARRIED WINE TO BUTALLUM, SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should drink wine ad botallos in any portion of the territory of Biella unless it is with the permission of the person to whom the aforesaid wine belongs. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of two solidi pp. And, anyone may accuse.

299. [VI] PENA SUBTRAHENTIUM TEMPORE INCENDIJ UEL RUMORIS.

Item statutum est quod qui Iuerit ad ignem uel ad domum aliquius et Inde aliquid portauerit de alienis rebus et eas non rediderit ipsa die soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et quisque possit accussare et habeat Inde sol. V. pp.

299. [VI] THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO RUN OFF IN TIME OF FIRE OR RUMOR.

In the same way, it has been decree that he, who goes to the hearth or to the home of any person and carries away from that place any of his property and does not return that property on that very day, should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. And, anyone may accuse and may have five solidi from that fine,

300. [VII] DE DAMPNIS DATIS EXTRA TERRITORIUM BUGELLE ET UERNATI RESTITUTIO NULLA FIAT PRO BESTIJS ALIENIS.

Item statutum est quod si quis haberet aliquam bestiam uel deceret seu duci faceret extra poderium bugelle uel Vernati et ibi mangagnarentur uel occiderentur non debeant sibi emendari. a comuni bugelle.

300. [VII] CONCERNING THOSE WHO CAUSE LOSSES OUTSIDE OF THE TERRITORIES OF BIELLA AND NO RESTITUTION SHOULD BE MADE FOR ANIMALS BELONGING TO FOREIGNERS BY VERNATUM.

In the same way, it has been decreed that if anyone keeps any animal or leads any animal or causes any animal to be lead outside of the district (poderium) of Biella or Vernatum, and, if they are killed or maimed there, compensation should not be given to them by the Commune of Biella.

301. [VIII] EUNTES IN PREDAM ET EMENTES QUALITER PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod qui Iret in predam uel robariam soluat bannum sol. C. pp. pro qualibet vice. Et consules teneantur inquirere. quod statutum non intelligatur contra rebelles et inimicos comunis bugelle.

301. [VIII] THOSE WHO GO FORTH TO OBTAINS AND BUY BOOTY SHOULD BE PUNISHED SUITABLY.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who acquires booty or stolen goods, should pay a fine of 100 solidi for each offence. And the consuls are obliged to investigate. And, this statute is not understood to be directed against the rebels and those hostile to the commune.

302. Item statutum est quod si quis emerit predam uel robarium siue furtum soluat bannum sol. LX. pp. nisi ipsa preda uel robarium seu furtum esset guerreriorum comunis bugelle. et consules teneantur Inquirere.

302. In the same way, it has been decreed that, if anyone should buy loot, stolen property, or the proceeds of a burglary, he should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp.., unless the loot, booty, or stolen property belongs to those who are waging war against the Commune of Biella. And the consuls are obliged to investigate.

303. [VIIII] EUELLENTES TERMINOS PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod qui aranchauerit. uel strepauerit aliquem sepem uel terminos soluat bannum pro qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. nisi habeat Iustum causam.

303. [VIIII] THOSE WHO PLUCK OUT BOUNDARY MARKERS SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who cuts down or destroys any fence or boundary markers should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each offence unless he has a just cause.

304. [X] FRANGENTES ET ROBANTES ARIZARIAS ALIENAS.

Item statutum est quod aliquis non debeat capere castaneas ad alienas erizarias nec frangere uel guastare alienas erizarias. et qui contrafecerit. soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. de die. et de nocte sol. LX. et emendet dapnum.

304. [X] THOSE WHO BREAK AND STEAL CHESTNUTS BELONGING TO SOMEONE ELSE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should raise chessnut trees in some one else's orchards and they should not destroy or lay waste to the orchards of others. And, he, who violates [this bann] should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence during the day and sixty at night; and, he should pay for any loss.

305. [XI] PRO DAMPNO DATA IN PREDIO IMBANDATO AB ALIO QUAM A CONSULE RESTITUTIO NULLA FIAT.

Item statutum est quod qui fecerit preconizari aliquam possessionem quam habeat super curia bugella. In banno. per alium quam per nuncium consulum et de precepto ipsorum. Et si quod dampnum ei factum fuerit. In ipsa possessione non habeat de ipso dampno emendationem aliquam a comuni.

305. [XI] NO RESTITUTION SHOULD BE MADE FOR A LOSS CAUSED IN A PROPERTY PLACED UNDER A BANN BY ANYONE OTHER THAN A CONSUL.

In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone, who causes any possession which he holds from the Curia of Biella to be advertised [for sale] by anyone other than the consul's crier or by their command, should be held on contempt. And, if any loss should be incurred by the own in that possession, he should not receive any compensation from the Commune for that loss.

306. [XII] PENA PONENTIUM IGNEM IN NATIUITATE CUM CEREI AD SANCTUM STEPHANUM DEFERUNTUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona. In die natiuitatis domini quando cerei portantur de placio ad sanctum stephanum non debeat nec pressumat ponere ignem in aliqua cessia seu uel capillis uel pannis alicuius et qui contrfecerit soluat bannum sol. quinque. et emendet dapnum Et quilibet possit accussare.

306. [XII] THE PENALTY FOR SETTING A FIRE WITH CANDLES DURING THE CHRISTMAS SEASON AT ST. STEPHAN'S IS SET ASIDE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person on the days of the Lord's Nativity when candles are carried from the public square to St. Stephen's should either dare to or presume to set a fire in anyone's property, vineyard, pasture, or pannage; and, he, who violates [this bann], should pay five solidi as a fine and he should restore the loss. And, anyone can make an accusation.

298. [XIII] NON RESTITUATUR DAMPNUM ILLATUM EIS QUIS COMUNIS RECUSANT HONERA SUBSTINERE.

Item statutum est quod non emendetur de comuni bugelle. illi. cui factum fuerit dampnum aliquod uel guastum. In aliqua terra uel possessione de qua soluerit fodrum alibi quam communi bugelle. Seu que sit extra curiam uel destrictum comunis bugelle seu uernati.

298. [XIII] THE LOSS FOR THOSE WHO HAVE REFUSED TO SUSTAIN THE HONORS OF THE COMMUNE SHOULD NOT BE RESTORED.

In the same way, it has been decree that compensation may not be granted by the commune to anyone who has caused any loss or damage to another person on any land or possession from which feudal dues are paid anywhere other than to the Comune of Biella or which is outside of the curia or district of the Commune of Biella or Vernatum.

307. Item statutum et ordinatum est quod si factum fuerit aliquod dampnum uel uastum uel iniuria alicui persone de bugella seu habitanti in bugella in bonis suis et rebus mobilibus et immobilibus terris uel possessionibus siue sint in curte et territorio bugelle et Vernati siue alibi. et dicta persona homo uel femina se defendat de iure uel de facto. a frodis. fictis. talijs. bannis. dacitis. et collectis. impositis et imponendis per comune et homines bugelle. uel qui non soluat fodra dacita colecta et honera substineat cum comuni et hominibus de bugella. quod illud dapnum iniuria uel uastum ei uel eis non restituatur nec restitui debeat a comuni nec ab hominibus de bugella.

307.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that, if any loss, destruction or injury should have been incurred by any person from Biella or by any person living in Biella in their goods, mobile or immobile property, lands or possessions, whether they are in the holdings or territory of Biella and Vernatum or elsewhere, the aforesaid person, male or female, may defend himself\herself by reason be reason of the law, deed, fyrd (military service), fict (land service) tallage, fines, endowments, collections, impositions, or costs imposed by the commune and men of Biella. And, [it is understood] that he, who does not pay military service, endowments, or collections and who does not sustain his honors with the commune and men of Biella, should not have his loss, injury, or damage restored to him and the loss, injury, or damage should not be restored to him by the commune and men of Biella.

XVIII. RUBRICA DE TABERNIS ET TABERNARIJS.

XVIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING TAVERNS AND INNKEEPERS.

308. [I] PUNIATUR VENDENS EMENS ET PONENS UINUM IN SIPHO CONTRA STATUTUM

Statutum est quod nulla persona debeat vendere vinum in bugella plus XII. denar. quartinum et teneantur venditores vini ponere craterem siue medium quartinum. In manibus potatorum vel ante ipsos. ante quam ponant ipsum In miolo siue In cupa et dare rectam menssuram omnibis. Et qui contrafecerit in aliquo soluat bannum qualibet vice. sol. quinque. pp. et ille uel illi quibus daretur male menssuratum possint accussare Iurando et habeat suam partem banni. bannum tantum ponendi vinum In mjolo uel sypho sit sol. II. et consules yeneantur inquirere de hijs qui vendiderint vinum plus quam continetur In statuto. et quod non possit in credencia quod detur licencia quod uendatur plus ante festum sancti Iohannis. et si uendiderit uinum ultra id quod ordinatum fuerit per comune quod il illa domo in qua uenditum fuerit uinum non possit uendi uinum nec panis toto tempore dicti consolatus et accusas predicta occassione teneantur consules facere iudicari Infra menssem postquam facte fuerint et ipsis iudicatis domum faciant imbandari. Infra VIII. dies et consules teneantur inquirere quocienscunque fuerit eis denuntiatum. uel ad ipsorum peruenerit notitiam.

308. [I] BUYING, SELLING, AND PUTTING WINE INTO A GOBLET AGAINST THE STATUTE SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

It has been that no person should sell wine in Biella at more than XII denarii per quartinum and the sellers of wine are obliged to put [the wine] in a bowl, a quart, or a half quart into the hands of those who are drinking or put it in front of them. And, before they put the wine in a goblet or a cup, they are to give a correct measure to all. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi pp for each offence. And he or they to whom a bad measure has been given can accuse on their sworn oath and they may have a portion of the fine. The fine for only putting the wine in a globlet or glass should be two solidi and the consuls are obliged to investigate those persons who sell wine more than is contained in the statute. And, [it is understood] that no one go into the Credencia to get a licence to sell more wine before the Feast of St. John than the Commune has ordained and if he does sell more wine than is allowed by the commune, [it is understood] that wine and bread can not be sold in the household in which it had been sold during the entire term of the aforesaid consulate; and, the consuls are obliged to see to it that those who have been accused of the aforesaid [violations] are brought to trial within a month after the deed was done, and, after these cases have been adjudicated, the consuls should see to it that the house is cordoned off within eight days. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate each and every time that something is reported to them or brought to their attention.

312. Item statutum et ordinatum est quod quelibet persona que uendiderit uinum ultra quantitate positam et determinatam per comune bugelle. soluat pro qualibet mensura. sol. V. pp. et ille qui soluerit et emerit dictum uinum soluat bannum sol. II. pp. nisi accusauerit illum qui sibi uendiderit dictum vinum. et si accusauerit illum qui uendiderit non teneatur de banno.

312. In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person who sells wine beyond the quantity established and determined by the Commune of Biella should pay five solidi pp. for each measure and that the man who buys and pays for the aforesaid [additional measure of] wine should pay a fine of two solidi pp., unless it is he who has accused the man who had sold the wine to him; and, if he has accused the man who sold the wine, he should not be bound by the fine.

309. [II] VLTRA NUMATAM IN SIFO QUIS VENDERE NON PRESUMAT.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona que vendat vinum. non debeat dare nisi tantum numatam vini in vno sypho. nisi daret ad menssuram quartini uel medij quartini. uel tercij uel quarti. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet vice sol. quinque pp.

309. [II] NO ONE SHOULD DARE TO SELL MORE WINE THAN THAT WHICH IS CONTAINED IN A GOBLET.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any person who sells wine should not serve it in a goblet, unless it is a full measure and given as a quart, half quart, third quart, or a quarter quart. And, he, who violates [this bvann], should pay five solidi for each and every offence.

310. [III] PENA VENDENTIS VINUM EI QUI NON TENETUR HONERA SUBSTINERE.

Item statutum est quod nullus debeat dare suum vinum ad uendendum in domo sua. aliqui persone que non faciat guaciam et alia et sit subditus dicto comuni. et soluat fodrum banna sustineat et honera. et sit subditus quo ad munera realia et personalia cum comuni bugelle sicut alij homines bugelle et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. Et si aliquis daret alicui vinum ad vendendum uel locaret nec faceret vendere alicui qui nollet attendere banna quod ille cuius esset vinum teneatur soluere banna.

310. [III] THE PENALTY FOR SELLING WINE TO A PERSON WHO IS NOT OBLIGATED TO SUSTAIN THE HONORS [OF THE COMMUNE].

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should offer his own wine for sale in his own home to any person who has not given surety and other things and who is not a subject of the aforesaid commune. And, he, who should pay dues and fines, sustain honors, and be subject to the real and personal dues of the Commune of Biella as are the other men of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. And, if anyone should offer wine for sale to anyone or rent a home and not see to it that wine is not sold to anyone who does not wish to heed the banns which are his, he is obliged to pay the fines.

311. [IIII] EMENTES ET VENDENTES POST CAMPANAM CUSTODIE PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod aliquis de bugella qui inventus fuerit in aliqua taberna post quam campana custodum pulsata fuerit siue libat uel comedet siue non. soluat bannum. sol. quinque pro qualibet vice. Et tauernarius soluat simile bannum.

311. [IIII] THOSE WHO ARE BUYING AND SELLING [WINE] AFTER THE SOUNDING OF THE NIGHT WATCH'S BELL.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any person from Biella, who is to be found in any tavern after the guard's bell has been sounded, whether he is drinking or eating or not, he should pay a fine of five solidi pp. for each offence; and the innkeeper should pay a similar fine.

313. [V] VINUM VENDENTES CLAUSO HOSTIO PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod qui uendiderit vinum ostio clauso de die soluat pro qualibet vice sol. XX. et consules teneantur inquirere quociens fuerit eis denuntiatum.

313. [V] THOSE WHO SELL WINE TO AN INCARCERATED ENEMY SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he who sells wine after the door has been closed for the day should pay a fine of twenty solidi for each offence and the consuls are obliged to investigate each and every time something is reported to them.

314. PENA VENDENTIS VINUM AD MINUTUM CONTRA STATUTA.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non possit vendere vinum ad minutum nisi ad pintas totundas. latas de supter et strictas de super. secundum quod sunt pinte quas habet comune et mensurent vinum ita quod semper spargat de foris. et qui uendiderit ad aliam mensuram. solat. pro qualibet vice et qualibet mensura mensura sol. XV. et consules omni mense semel contra tabernarios inquirere. teneantur. et quod omnes mensure in quibus inuente fuerint aditiones appositiones adiunctiones sofisticationes. preter quam illud quod habent tempore confectionis. et que non habent laborem liberum et rotundum. habeantur pro falsis. ita quod a banno nullatenus excusentur.

314. THE PENALTY FOR THOSE WHO SELL WINE FOR A COIN AGAINST THE STATUTE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can sell wine by the coin (drink?), unless [the wine is in] round pints, that are as wide or as narrow as to be in accordance with the standard for pint [measures] which the commune has to measure wine so that it always flows less freely from the markets. And, he, who sells at some other measure, should pay fifteen solidi for each and every measure and the consuls are obliged each month at the same time to investigate the innkeepers. And, [it is understood] that all of the measures in which additions, applications, addons, and underpinings have been found, with the exception of those which they had had when the measures were made and which do not have a free style and rounded workmanship, should be considered to be false (measures) and thus in no way excused from the bann.

XIX. RUBRICA DE RUGIA

XIX. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE EMBANKMENTS

315. [I] A MOLENDINO SUPERIUS RUGIAM QUIS RUMPERE NON SIT AUSUS.

Statutum est quod qui traheret rugiam placij de suo lecto a molendino placij superius sine licencia soluat sol. X. pp.

315. [I] NO ONE SHOULD DARE TO DISRUPT THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES FROM ABOVE THE MILL.

It has been decreed that he, who makes a ditch from his latrine to the embanked watercourses of the public square from above the mill of the public square without permission, should pay a fine of ten solidi pp.

316. [II] PUNIANTUR IN RUGIA TURPITUDINEM FATIENTES ET QUE SIT INQUISITIO FATIENDA.

Item statutum est quod illa persona que deturparet uel fedaret rugiam uel que faceret sozuram in ea. a ponte prexonerie usque ad canales doloe soluat bannum sol. decem. Eo saluo quod quisque possit vtilitatem suam facere. In rugia a tercia in antea excepto quod nulli ponere in ipsa rugia nec lauere pannos fedatos nec menuta bestiarum nec coria neque pelles nec aliquod pilum calcinentum nec aliquod bruterium coriorum nec alterius rei nec facere in ipsa aliquem sozuram. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. X. pp. et quilibet possit accussare. Et consules teneantur inquirere.

316. [II] THOSE WHO CAUSE FILTH IN THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES SHOULD BE PUNISHED AND INSPECTIONS SHOULD BE INITIATED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that the person, who fouls or dirties the embanked waterway or who causes any [foul] discharge into it from the bridge of Prexoneria all the way to the canals of Doloa, should pay a fine of ten solidi. Saving that anyone can make something for his own advantage on the first third of the enbankment of the watercourse with the exception that no one can wash clothing [there] or dump into the watercourse any bloody meat, intestines, or skins of animals, or lime-covered pelts, or any butchers' waste from the intestines or of any other part of an animal, or cause any foul waste in the waterway; and, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of ten solidi pp. and anyone can accuse and the consuls are obliged to investigate.

319. Item statutum est quod nulla persona possit nec debeat tenere aliquam strumeriam neque facere aliquam sozuram que possit labi neque fedare rugiam placij. Et qui contrafecerit. soluat bannum. sol. decem. pp. et postea eam altet taliter non fedet ipsam rugiam. et qui non altauerit soluat bannum pro qualibet edomada post quam ei preceptum fuerit quod eam altet. sol. V. pp. Et consules teneantur bis in anno inquirere totam rugiam per placium et si unuenerint ibi aliquod bruterium uel sozuram faciant altari et auferri. et consules teneantur singulis mensibus mittere duos officiales ad inquirendum stimerias et aquarolios descendentes in rugiam.

319. In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can nor should keep any debris or cause any pollution which can wash away and which can dirty the embankment of the public square. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. and afterwards he should clean up the pollution so that it will not dirty the embankment; and, he, who does not clean up, should pay the fine [of ten solidi pp.] for each week after he had been ordered to clean up the pollution. And, the consuls are obliged twice a year to investigate the entire embankment bordoring on the public square and, if they find any waste or pollution there, they should cause it to be cleaned up and carried off. And, the consuls are obliged monthly to send two officials to investigate the drains and water pipes leading down into the embanked waterway.

317. [III] IN TRIUOLO CANALIBUS UEL FORTELICIJS OFFENDENTES.

Item statutum est quod qui runperet triuolum uel canales uel qui offenderet in aliquod bastimentum placij et plani soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. LX. pp. et emendet dampnum et quilibet possit accussare palam et priuatim et consules teneantur inquirere.

317. [III] THOSE WHO CAUSE DAMAGE IN THE CROSSROAD, THE CANALS, OR THE FORTIFICATIONS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who damages or destroys ditches or canals or who causes offence in any low spot of the public square or the open area, should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp. for each and every offence and he should repair the damage. And, anyone may accuse openly or in private and the consuls are obliged to investigate.

318. [IIII] BESTIE INTRANTES RUGIAM INFRA TERTIAM PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod nullus dimitat ire suos porcos neque anseres neque aneas In rugia usque terciam et qui contrafecerit. soluat bannum denar. VI. pro qualibet vice.

318. [IIII] ANIMALS WHO ENTER THE EMBANKED WATERWAY WITHIN THE THIRD HOUR SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should allow his pigs, ganders, or sows to go onto the embankments up to the third hour and, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of six denarii for each offence.

320. [V] ANTE DOMUM PROPRIAM DEBET QUID PONTEM PROPRIIS SUMPTIBUS CONSERUARE.

Item statutum est quod quilibet habens pontem super rugiam ante domum suam debeat illum tenere actatum bonum et bene actatum et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum. sol. V. pp. Et consules teneabtur eos Inquirere bis in anno.

320. [V] A PERSON SHOULD MAINTAIN A BRIDGE IN FRONT OF HIS OWN HOME WITH HIS OWN RESOURCES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone, who has a bridge over the embanked waterway in front of his home, should maintain the structure in good and sound repair and he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate those [bridges] twice a year.

321. [VI] QUOMODO QUANDO ET QUO TEMPORE PER PLANUM RUGIA SIT DUCENDA.

Item statutum est quod quilibet qui voluerit ducere Rugiam per planum debeat prius dare sol. LX. pp. et ducat ubique ab hora none usque ad ortum solis tantum. et quod nullus possit eam ducere. a medio junio usque ad sanctum eussebium. et a sancta maria de septembris usque ad festum omnium sanctorum et illa persona que ducere uel duci faceret ipsam rugiam sine licencia omnium consulum. soluat. sol. XL. pro banno. et sol. LX. pra menatura nisi esset causa ignis accenssi uel uenti. Et consules teneantur denunciare illi uel illis qui ducet rugiam quod debeant dimitere venire per placium quartam partem dicte rugie sub banno sol. quinque. pp. et consules excutere teneantur per eorum Inquissicionem. Ita tamen quod illi qui haberent licenciam ducendi dictam Rugiam non possint eam capere nisi ubi est facta porta. et qui contrafecerit soluat pro qualibet vice sol. XL. pp. et consules teneantur per eorum sacramentum tenere altatam dictam portam et ibi facere tenere vnum foramen vnde possit venire quarta pars dicte rugie per placium.

321. [VI] HOW, HOW MUCH, AND AT WHAT TIME EMBANKED WATERCOURSES MAY BE DRAWN THROUGH THE PUBLIC SQUARE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone who wishes to draw [water from] the embanked waterway through the level area should give sixty solidi pp. beforehand and he should draw [the water] to whatever site only from the Ninth Hour until sunrise. And, [it is understood] that no one can draw water from the middle of June until the Feast of St. Eusebius and from the Feast of St. Mary in september to the Feast of All Saints. And, the person, who draws or causes water to be drawn from the embanked waterway without the permission of all of the consuls, should pay forty solidi as a fine and sixty solidi per dwelling (menatura) unless it is because of a burning and spreading fire. And, the consuls are obliged to report the person or persons, who are constructing a ditch, so that they should require that a quarter portion of the ditch come through the public square under a fine of five solidi pp.; and, the consuls are obliged to investigate this through their own inquiry so that those who have permission to construct ditches can not place the ditch at any point other than where a [water]gate has already been made. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay forty solidi pp. as a fine and the consuls are obliged by their sworn oath to keep the aforesaid sluice gate raised and to see to it that one outflow is maintained from which the quarter portion of the aforesaid waterway can come through the public square.

322. [VII] PER COSTAS PLACIJ ET UERNATI RUGIA NON DUCATUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona vndecunque sit non possit ducere nec duci facere Rugiam per costam andurni. nec per costam glare. nec per costam vernati. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XL. pp. nisi esset necessitas ignis accenssi. Et consules teneantur Inquirere.

322. [VII] THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES MAY NOT BE DRAWN THROUGH THE MARGINS OF THE PUBLIC SQUARE AND OF VERNATUM.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one, whomever he might be, can construct a ditch or cause a ditch to be constructed through the environs (costra) of Andurnum, Glara, or vernatum. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of forty solidi for each and every offence, unless there is the necessity of a burning fire. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate.

323. [VIII] PROPE CANALES PER QUATUOR PERTICA RUGIA NON FRANGATUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat Ronpere nec Ronpi facere Rugiam placij. In aliquibus canalibus Rugie nec prope ipsas canales per quatuor perticas. Et qui contrafecerit uel fieri fecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet uice. sol. XX. pp. et consules non possit dare licenciam set teneantur Inquirere si siuerint uel si fuerit eis denunciatum et tenere denunciatores priuatos.

323. [VIII] THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES SHOULD NOT BE BROKEN ALONGSIDE THE CANALS FOR A DISTANCE OF FOUR "PERTICAS".

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should destroy or cause the embanked waterway of the public square to be destroyed. There should be no destruction in any of the canals of the waterways or near those canals for a distance of four perticas. And, he, who violates [this bann] or causes it to be violated, should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence and the consuls can not grant a dispensation, but rather are obliged to investigate if they have knowledge [of a violation] or if one has been reported to them. And, they are obliged to keep the informers' names confidential.

324. [VIIII] LAUANTES MANUS IN RUGIA ANTE TERTIAM PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod qui se lauauerit manus in Rugia ante terciam soluat bannum sol. II. pp.

324. [VIIII] THOSE WHO WASH THEIR HANDS IN THE EMBANKED WATERWAYS BEFORE THE THIRD HOUR SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who washes his hands in the embanked waterway before the Third Hour, should pay a fine of two solidi pp.

325. [X] PER UIAM GLARIE RUGIA NON DUCATUR.

Item statutum est quod aliquis non possit nec debeat ducere. nec duci facere Rugiam placij per viam glare. a Rugia usque ad platheam de rouore. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et de comuni sol. XX. pp. pro menatura. et consules possint exinde dare licenciam dando sol. XX. pp. secundum formam alterius statuti rugie.

325. [X] THE EMBANKED WATERWAYS SHOULD NOT BE DRAWN THROUGH THE ROAD TO GLARIA.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can nor should draw or cause the embanked waterway of the public square to be drawn through the Road to Glara from the embanked waterway all the way to the public sqaure of rouos. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of 20 solidi pp. and from the commune [of the offender] twenty solidi pp. should be paid for the outflow [menatura]. And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation therefrom by giving twenty solidi pp. according to the form of another statute of the Embanked Waterways.

326. [XI] A PONTE TORRATIE SUPERIUS FRANGENTES RUGIAM PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod omnes et singuli de bugella frangentes seu Rupi facientes rugiam placij a triuolo inferius vsque ad pontem toracie seu ducentes aquam de dicta Rugia teneantur emendare dapnum datum eorum causa ocaxione dicte fractionis seu ducture acque. et actare uiam seu canales ac dapna data predictarum ocasione et prestare securitatem ydoneam in manibus consulum de predictis omnibus et singulis atendendis et firmiter obseruendis.

326. [XI] THOSE WHO DAMAGE THE ENBANKED WATERCOURSES FROM ABOVE THE bRIDGE OF TORRATIA SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it is decreed and ordained that each and every one of the men of Biella, who breaks or causes the embankment of the public square to be breached from below the scoop of the windmill to the bridge of Toracia or who is drawing water from the embanked waterway, is obliged to render compensation for the damage caused on his behalf on the occasion of the aforesaid breaking [of the embankment] or drawing of water; and, he is obliged to repair the road or canals and the damages caused on the occasion of the aforesaid project. And, they are to place suitable security in the hands of the consuls so that each and every one of the aforesaid matters may be attended to and firmly observed.

327. [XII] VBI PER QUOS FRANGATUR RUGIA SI IN PLATIUM INCENDIUM ORIATUR.

Item quod quocienscunque ortum fuerit incendium in plano quod Gisulfus de berta rubea et alij qui pro temporibus stabunt ubi ipse nunc habitat teneantur frangere rugiam incontinenti. et ipsam uoluere uersus planum. et ille qui uuoluerit sit absolutus a faciendis Guachis et laboribus personalibus comunis.

327. [XII] WHERE AND BY WHOM THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES MAY BE BROKEN, IF A FIRE SHOULD BREAK OUT IN THE PUBLIC SQUARE.

In the same way, [it is understood] that, whenever fire breaks out in the level area where Gisulfus de Berta Rubea and others who will be living where he himself now lives, they are immediately obliged to breach the embankment and flood that water across the level land. And, the person, who floods [the level area], is absolved from making (guacha = wacha) payments for the dead and the personal services to the Commune.

328. NEMO TRAHAT RUGIAM PLANI DE SUO LOCO.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona non debeat trahere rugiam plani bugelle de suo proprio loco assignato per comune et qui eam traxerit ad ducendum alibi soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. Et qui eam abotauerit intra fossata plani ita quod spargat in via soluat bannum sol. II. pp. pro quolibet et qualibet vice. Et consules teneantur omni anno ponere vnum custodem priuatum ad custodiam dicte Rugie. Et unum publicum qui sit exactus a laboribus viarum comunis et Guachijs et teneatur accusare. et quod quelibet persone ab utraque parte vie teneantur et debeant tenere actatam et remondatam ita quod non spargat in viam coram domibus suis. In pena et banno sol. X. pp. pro quolibet et qualibet vice. et nichilominus teneantur eam reficere. En consules non possint dare licenciam. set consules teneantur inquirere.

328. NO ONE SHOULD DRAIN WATER FROM THE EMBANKED WATERCOURSES OF THE PUBLIC SQUARE FOR HIS OWN LAND.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that no one should draw the embanked waterway of the level are of Biella from its own proper course as it has been determined by the Commune; and, he, who relocates the watercourse to draw water anywhere else, should pay a fine of 20 solidi for each and every offence. And, he, who redirects the water within the ditches so that it splashes onto the road, should pay a fine of two solidi pp. for each and every offence. And, the consuls are obliged each year to station on private guard to guard the aforesaid embanked waterway and on official who is funded by the labors of the roads of the commune and the payments (wachia = guachia) payments. And, he is obliged to report [any violations of this bann]. And, [it is understood] that each person from whichever side of the road is obliged to and should keep the embanked waterway raised and tightly packed so that water does not splash onto the roadway near their homes undera penalty of ten solidi for each and every offence and they are nonetheless required to make the repairs. And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation, and, they are required to investigate [any reported violations].

XX. RUBRICA DE MOLENDINIS ET FURNIS

XX. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING MILLS AND OVENS

329. [I] QUID CAPIANT MOLINARIJ PRO OPERIBUS FACTIS IN MOLENDINO.

Statutum est quod molinarij debeant habere pro moltura de sestario blaue decimum octauum cupum et de caneua pro batitura. Et de panno pro paratura de qualibet pariete denar. IIII.or et debeant prius pararer hominibus de bugella quam forenssibus. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. quinque. pp. Et ductores bladi teneantur accipere bladum ad pessam ab illis qui voluerint. et reducere et si quid deficeret ductor siue molinarius restituat. Et quod de forensibus possint capere ad eorum arbitrium.

329. [I] WHAT MILLERS MAY TAKE FOR THE WORK WHICH THEY DO IN THE MILL.

It has been decreed that millers should have eighteen cups [as a measure] for the grinding of a sesterius of corn and for the sifting of a caneua; and, for the preparation of bread (grain), he should have four denarii from each paries [= portion], and they should prepare [the grains] of the men of Biella before those of foreigners. And he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi. And, the conveyers of grain are obliged to accept the grain at the roadside from those who wish [it to be conveyed] and to bring it back from [from the mill]; and, if there is any missing, the driver or the miller are to replace it. And, it is understood that they can transport [the grain] of foreigners at their discretion.

330. [II] NON HABENTES FURNUM DE CUPIS COPERTUM ET QUALITER TAUOLI TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella non debeat tenere aliquam furnum in bugella nisi copertum de cupis. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. et debeat remouere tauolos de portucubus qui sunt super comuni. Incontinenti quod panis erit In furno sub banno. sol. II.

330. [II] THAT THOSE WHO DO NOT HAVE OVENS OPEN AT THE MOUTH AND IN WHAT WAY THEY ARE OBLIGED TO REMOVE THE LATCHPINS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one from Biella should keep an oven in Biella unless it has been covered from the cups. And, he, who violates [the bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi and he should remove immediately the tawing aparatus from the porticos which are near the commune so that there will be bread in the oven under a penalty of two solidi.

331. [III] DUCTORES ASINORUM MOLENDINI QUE FACERE PROHIBENTUR DANTES EIS BIBERE PUNIUNTUR.

Item statutum est quo nullus menator axinorum siue bestiarum de molendinis debeat ludere ad aliquem ludum nec bibere uel bibere uel comedere In aliqua taberna de bugella. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. quinque. pp. et simile bannum qui ei dederit bibere uel comedere.

331. [III] THE DRIVERS OF THE MILL'S DONKEYS WHO GIVE THEM WHAT THEY ARE FORBIDDEN TO DRINK SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no keeper of the asses or beasts of the mill should gamble at any game or eat or drink in any tavern of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay five solidi pp. for each and every offence and there is a similar fine for he who provides the drink or food.

332. [IIII] QUID IURARE ET FACERE FORNARIUS TENEATUR.

Item statutum est quod omnes et singuli tenentes et habentes furnos in bugella et stantes et habitantes In domibus in quibus sunt furni tam masculi quam femine maiores tamen. XII. annorum debeant Iurare saluitatem de rebus que perueniunt ad eorum furnos Infra XV. dies post festum sancti Martini. et qui non Iurauerit ad dictum terminum soluat bannum sol. X. pp. et pro qualibet edomada qua steterit quod non Iurauerit et quilibet fornarius siue fornaria debeat cochere panem quilibet danti fornatem sicut alij In banno sol. XX. pp.

332. [IIII] WHAT A BAKER IS OBLIGED TO SWEAR TO AND TO DO.

In the same way, it has been decreed that each and every person who keeps and maintains ovens in Biella and who stays and resides in homes in which there are ovens and the young men and women of more than 12 years [of age] should swear [to maintain] safety concerning those things which pertain to their furnaces within fifteen days after the Feast of St. Martin. And, he, who does not take the oath before the aforesaid time limit, should pay a fine of ten solidi pp. for each week in which it has been established that he [or she] has not sworn the oath; and, each oven keeper, male or female, should set out bread for anyone as well as for he who rents out the oven under the penalty of twenty solidi pp.

333. [V] TENENTES IGNEM IN FURNIS TEMPORE UENTOSO DE PLANO UEL POST CAMPANAM ET PANEM COQUENTES.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella non audeat nec presumat tenere ignem in aliquo cribano plani bugelle post campanam custodum que pulsatur in sero usque ad campanam grossam que pulsatur ad matutinos. sancti stephani. nec tempore uentorum. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. et ille qui faceret quoqui panem. sol. X. pp. et quilibet possit accusare palam et priuatim habeat suam partem banni.

333. [V] THOSE WHO BAKE BREAD AND THOSE WHO KEEP FIRE IN THE OVENS WHEN IT IS WINDY AND SUMMARILY AFTER THE RINGING OF THE BELL.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person from Biella should dare or presume to keep an open fire in any open hearth in the level area of Biella after the Guards' Bell, which sounds in turn until the Great Bell which sounds at the Matins of St. Stephen's and also not during a period of [high] winds. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence and he, who bakes any bread, should pay ten solidi and anyone, who accuses, secretly or openly, may have his portion of the fine.

334. IN MOLENDINO UNUS SOLUS ACCIPIAT MULTURAM ET PISTATURAM.

Item statutum est quod in quolibet molendino sit vnus solus qui accipiat multuram et pistaturum de quibus non accipiat nec accipere possit nisi XVIII. partem per sacramentum per ipsum corporaliter prestitum et qui in aliquo contrafecerit nec multuram acceperit nisi ad predicta fuerit specialiter deputatus soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol. XX. pp.

334. AT THE MILL, ONLY ONE PERSON SHOULD ACCEPT THE GRAINS TO BE MILLED OR BAKED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that there should be only one person who may accept that [grain] which is to be ground or milled from which [allotment] he neither may nor can accept anything other than an one eighteenth [portion] on his sworn oath, which, by itself, has been received as a corporeal oath. And, he, who violates [this bann] in any way and who does not accept that [grain] which is to be ground, should pay twenty solidi for each and every offence, unless he had been specially detailed to the aforesaid matters.

XXI. RUBRICA DE ALPIBUS

XXI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE ALPS

335. [I] DIUERSE PENE OCCAXIONE ALPIUM ET IN IPSIS PASCHANTIUM. ORDINATE.

Statutum est quod alpis de mazono debeat Incantari per consules de mense marcij. et qui plus dabit ipsam habeat et teneat ipsam a Kalendis Maij. usque ad natiuitatem domini. et non permitat venire capras a sancta maria inferius nec facere seracia cum lapidibus. Et liceat cuilibet homini de bugella pascare in ipsa alpe per totum mensem maii. Et ab octaua sancte marie de septembris in antea. Et qui ibi pascauerit uel contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pro qualibet die. nisi se concordauerit cum impletore et medietas banni sunt communis. et alia medietas Inpletoris.

335. [I] DIUERSE [LAWS] ORDAINED IN REGARD TO THE ALPS AND THOSE WHO PASTURE [ANIMALS] IN THEM.

It has been decreed that the mazonum (grazing concession) of the Alpes should be auctioned off by the consuls during the month of March and he who would give more should have [the concession] and keep it from the Kalends of May to the Nativity of the Lord; and, he should not permit goats to come [to graze] before [the Feast of] St. Mary and he should not make corrals with fieldstones. And, any man of Biella is permitted to graze [his animals] throughout the entire month of May from the Octave of St. Mary at the beginning of September. And, he, who has grazed there or who has violated [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each day unless he will have made an agreement with the [successful] bidder in the auction. Half of the fine belongs to the commune and the other half to the bidder.

336. Item statutum est quod inpletores alpium non possint vendere erbam alicui persone extranee. et consules teneantur inquirere.

336. In the same way, it has been decreed that those who are fulfilling the contract of the Alps can not silage to any foreigner, and, the consuls are obliged to investigate [any accusations of contractual malfeasance].

337. Item statutum est quod nulla persona de bugella debeat uel presumat vendere erban alicuius alpis alcui homini de extra bugellam et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. Et consules teneantur Inquirere.

337. In the same way, it has been decreed that no person from Biella should dare to or presume to sell the silage of any mountainside to any man from outside of Biella; and, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each offence. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate.

338. Item statutum est quod nulla persona debeat Ire pascare neque seare nec facere aliquod dampnum super alpibus a tempore cride facte per consules in antea. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. et medietas banni sit communis. et alia medietas inpletoris. Et consules teneantur facere cridari in bannum dictas alpes. a Kalendis maii. usque ad sanctam michaelem. Excepto de mazono.

338. In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should go to pasture [animals], cut [hay], or cause any loss in the apline meadows belonging to others from the time announced beforehand by the consuls. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi and half of the fine belongs to the commune and the other half to the holder of the concession. And, the consuls are obliged to see to it that the bann is announced in the aforesaid alpine meadows from the Kalends of May until the Feast of St. Michael, with the exception of during the harvest.

339. Item statutum est quod nullus teneat porchos In alpibus mararie et noche superioris et inferioris. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. quinque. pp. et quilibet possit accussare. et consules non possint dare licenciam.

339. In the same way, it has been decreed that no one may keep pigs in the alpine meadows above and below Mararia and Nocha. And, he, who villates [this bann], should pay fifteen solidi pp. for each and every offence; and, anyone can accuse and the consuls can not grant a dispensation.

340. Item statutum est et ordinatum quod aliqua persona non possit tenere capras in alpibus nec In commitalibus bugelle. a sancto martino usque ad kalendas maij. Et qui contrafecer- it soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. alijs statutis remanentibus in eodem statu. Ita quod istud statutum non derogetur alijs in aliquo videlicet de capris.

340. In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person can not keep goats in the alpine meadows nor in the commissary lands of Biella from the Feats of St. Martin to the Kalends of May. And, he who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp., while the other statutes remain inthe same place. Thus, [it is understood] that this statute should not be downgraded for the other statutes in any way, certainly in regard to goats.

341. Item statutum quod omnes de bugella habeant omni anno alpem niazoni. pro libr. XXXII. pp. dummodo faciant securos consules in kalendis Marcij de soluendos dictis denarijs et dare seracium unum confrarie et vnum consulibus et IIIIor casseos et casseum unum notario et vnum seruitori que seracia valeant pro quolibet sol. XX. pp. et quilibet casseus sol. V. pp. pro predicta alpe niazoni. Et si predicta non fecerint consules teneantur eam incantare eo pacto quod nullus forensis ibi pascare et quilibet de bugella possint ibi pro dicto precio pasculari. Et inpletores possint habere ultra predictam quantitatem pro eorum labore sol. XL. pp. a pascantibus. aliis statutis de alpibus in suo robore durantibus. Et qui duxerit bestias forensium aliquo modo uel ingenio soluat pro qualibet die sol. XX. pp. et quod impletores teneantur soluisse infra octauam santi Michaelis predictos denarios seracios et caseum sub predicta pena. Et si predicta alpis non fuerit vendita per predictum modum consules teneantur eam incantare eo pacto quod nullus forenssis ibi pascari possit nec aliquis eciam de bugella possit ibi tenere bestias nisi fuerit in concordia cum incantatore qui emerit a comuni.

341. In the same way, it has been decreed that all men of Biella should have (the use of) an Alpine meadow in Niazonum for an entire year for twenty two pounds pp. as long as the consuls see to it that the lessors have made surety during the Kalends of March from the payment of the aforesaid denarii; they are also to see to it that the lessors give one acre's rent (the right to remove dung from the acre) from the association, one acre's rent and four cheeses to the consuls, one to the notary, and one to the servant. The service is worth twenty solidi for each and each cheese is worth five solidi pp. for the Alpine meadow of Niazonum. And, if the consuls do not take care of the aforesaid matters, they are obliged to auction off this concession by virtue of the agreement so that no foreigner can graze there and so that anyone from Biella can graze there at the aforesaid price. And, the tenants can have forty solidi pp. more than the aforesaid quantity for their labor from the persons who are pasturing [their animals] while the other statutes concerning the Alpine meadows remain in force. And, the persons, who leads the animals of foreigners by any manner or artifice [into the Alpine meadows] should pay twenty solidi pp. for each day and the tenants are obliged to have paid the aforesaid denarii, acre service fees, and cheese under the aforesaid penalty within the Octave of St. Michael. And, if the aforesaid (concession) of the Alpine meadows of the Alpine meadow has not been sold in the aforesaid manner, the consuls are obliged to auction that concession according to this agreement so that no foreigner can graze there and so that no one from Biella can keep his animals there unless it was he who bought that concession from the commune in an agreement with the auctioneer.

XXII. RUBRICA EXTRAORDINARIA.

XXII. THE EXTRAORDINARY RUBRICS.

342. [I] CONTRA COMUNE ORDINANS PUNIATUR.

Statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella non faciat aliquod ordinamentum uel conuentum contrarium comunis uel maiori parti comunis et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. Et postea cassetur illud ordinamentum uel contractus seu conuentus.

342. [I] HE WHO ENACTS [LEGISLATION] AGAINST THE COMMUNE SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should make any ordinance or any convention that is contrary to [the interests of] the commune or a mjor portion of the commune; and, he, who violates [this bann] should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. And afterwards, the ordinance, contract, or agreement is quashed.

343. [II] PENA CONTRA DANTES AUXILIUM DEFFERENTES ARMA.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat dare albergum nec ospicium nec bibere uel comedere nec aliquam mercandiam facere cum eo qui portaret arma publica. per burgum placij. et plani bugelle nec domum sub aliquo titulo concedere. nec dare aliquod auxilium uel fauorem. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. X. pp. et pro qualibet edomada postea auferat ei domum. Et consules non possint dare licenciam.

343. [II] THE PENALTY AGAINST THOSE WHO GIVE AID TO THOSE WHO ARE BEARING ARMS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should dare to extend military assistance (albergus = hauberk\habergeon) or hospitality, food, drink, or enter into any commercial transaction with a person who carries public arms to the square of the town or to the open places of Biella, or, transfer ownership of a home [to him] under any title. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of ten solidi pp. and [another ten solidi pp.] also for each week after he has conveyed that home to that person. And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation.

351. Item statutum est quod nulla persona de bugella debeat dare bibere uel comedere nec hospicium dare aliqui persone vndecumque sit que portet cutellum maiorem vltra menssuram positam pro comuni bugelle nec ensem. nec alia arma. que alijs offenssiones dare possent. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. X. pp. et quilibet sit accussator et habeat suam partem banni. Et consules non possint dare licenciam. nisi ille qui accussatus fuerit jurauerit se illum nescire habere cutellum maiorem nec arma.

351. In the same way, it has been decreed that no person from biella should dare to give drink, food or hospitality to any person whomsoever who is carrying a knife that is larger than the measure established for the commune of Biella, nor a sword, or any other weapon that can cause harm to others. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of ten solidi pp. for each and every offence. And, anyone may be an accuser and he may have his portion of the fine. And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation unless the person who has been accused has sworn that he did not know that he should not have been in possession of the knife of sword.

344. [III] REDDI DEBENT PATRIBUS ET DOMINIS PIGNORA SINE PRECIO. CAPTA A FILIJS ET UASSALLIS.

Item statutum est quod qui prestiterit alicui filio uel uassallo uel vxori uel alicui alteri de familia alicuius hominis de bugella qui sit in potestate ipsius patris uel domini sui super aliquo pignore ipsius hominis redat illus pignus ipsi patri uel domino sine solucione uel redencione aliqua. si pater uel dminus illius qui eum impignorauerit monstrauerit illud pignus esse suum. uel si sub aliquo titulo uel causa eum habuerit uel receperit.

344. [III] SURETIES WITHOUT VALUE TAKEN FROM SONS AND VASSALS SHOULD BE RETURNED TO FATHERS AND LORDS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who makes a loan to any son, vassal, wife, or any other member of the household of any man of Biella who is in the power of his father or lord on any pledge of that man, should return the pledge to the father or lord without payment or any redemption (interest?), if the father or lord of the person, who had made the pledge to him, has demonstrated that the pledge belongs to him ot if he owns or has received it under any title or legal action.

345. [IIII] STATUTA DE SPONSIS EUNTIBUS EXTRA TERRAM.

Item statutum est quod aliqua sponssa que vadat extra bugellam que non habeat plures quinquaginta libris in docte non teneatur dare regi. nisi sol. quinque. pp. si uero habuerit a plus usque ad centum habeat sol. X. si vero habuerit Centum. teneatur dare sol. XX. pp. Et si habuerit CC. teneatur dare sol. XL. pp. Et pro quolibet centonario sol. XX. usque ad mille libr. et a mille superius petere possit. Et de omni quantitate teneatur rex dare sponse terciam partem dictarum quantitatum. Et si qua sponsa perueniret extranea ad hospicium in bugella. quod dictus rex nec eius sequaces nichil habere debeat nec eciam eam impedire possint. Et qui contrafecerit soluat rex. sol. LX. et quilibet de familia sol. XX. pp. Et consules teneantur dictam sponsam pro precio predicto si inde fuerint requisiti facere ipsam relaxari.

345. [IIII] THE STATUTE CONCERNING SPOUSES WHO ARE GOING OUTSIDE OF THE TERRITORY [OF BIELLA].

In the same way, it has been decreed that any spouse who goes outside of Biella who does not have more than fifty pounds in her dowry is not obliged to give the king (a portion of her dowry) other than five solidi pp., if she should indeed have from fifty to one hundred pounds. If she should have one hundred pounds, she should give twenty solidi; if she should have two hundred pounds, she should give forty solidi pp. And, for each one hundred pound increment, she should give an additional twenty solidi pp., and from more than one thousand, [the king] should not seek an additional payment. And, from each quantity, the king is obliged to give his spouse one third of the aforesaid quantities. And, if any foreign spouse should come to seek hospitality in Biella or pass through the land of Biella, [it is understood] that neither the aforesaid king or any of his retinue should take anything from her and they can not hinder her either. And, if the king or any member of his household should violate [this bann], he should pay a fine of sixty solidi and the menbers of his household should pay twenty solidi pp. And, the consuls are obliged to see to it that the aforesaid spouse is released [from the payment of] the aforesaid money that they had requested that she pay.

346. [V] VESTES ET ARMA NON POSSUNT PIGNORI OBLIGARI.

Item statutum est quod aliqua Guarnimenta neque vestimenta alicuius hominis de bugella non dentur pro solucione alicuius debiti nec alia de causa nisi de uoluntate illius cuius fuerint uel nisi haberet plura paria guarnimentorum de quibus posset se bene sufferre.

346. [V] CLOTHING AND WEAPONS SHOULD NOT BE OBLIGATED FOR A SURETY.

In the same way, it has been decreed that none of the livery or clothing of any man of Biella should be given in payment for any indebtedness or for any other reason, unless it is at the wish of the person to whom it belongs or unless he owns more livery of an equal value from which he will be able to adequately provide for himself.

347. [VI] PRO FILIO ET VASSALLO PARTEM PATRES ET DOMINI SOLUERE COMPELLUNTUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non possit nec debeat relinquere filium vassallum neque seruentam. pro aliquo banno et quolibet banno usque ad sol. X. pp. quin soluat si filius stet cum patre uel matre et si habuerit suam partem non teneatur.

347. [VI] FATHERS AND LORDS ARE COMPELLED TO PAY THE PORTION ON BEHALF OF A SON OR A VASSAL.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person can nor should abandon his son, vassal, or servant for any fine and for each and every fine up to ten solidi pp, if the son remains with his father or mother or if he has his own portion, he is not obliged to pay.

348. [VII] QUE POSSESSIONES CONCEDI FORENSIBUS PROHIBENTUR.

Item statutum est quod nulla persona de bugella uel presumat dare aliqua prata. a ponte eurepe superius nec a cuosila superius ad faciendum aliqcui persone que non stet in bugella et sit subditus comuni bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet edomada sol. X. pp. postea ei auferat.

348. [VII] WHICH POSSESSIONS IT IS FORBIDDEN TO HAND OVER TO FOREIGNERS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person of Biella should dare nor presume to give away any meadows from above the Bridge of Eurepa nor from above Cuosila to complete any transaction for any person who does not reside in Biella or who is not a subject of the Commune of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of ten solidi pp. for each and every week [that the violation persists] and afterwards he should take the meadows back.

349. [VIII] ANTE FINEM TERMINI MASNENGUM NEMO CONDUCAT ALIENUM.

Item statutum est quod nullus de bugella debeat capere uel couentare aliquem alienum masnechum stantem cum aliquo vsque ad finem sui termini si hoc non faceret de licencia illius cum quo sraret et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. X. pp. nec postea ipsum teneat illo anno.

349. [VIII] NO ONE CAN BRING IN A FOREIGN WEAPON [WHICH IS] LONGER THAN THE LIMIT OF THE [STATUTORY] MEASUREMENT.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one from Biella should assume or take over some one else's contract to harvest (masnenchum), which is in effect with some one else to the limit of its fixed date if this is not done with the permission of the person with whom it was entered into; and, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. as a fine amd he may not have that contract for the next year.

350. [VIIII] ARMA VETITA DEFFERENTES.

Item statutum est quod nullus homo de bugella et qui stet in bugella debeat uel presumat portare In loco bugelle aliquem cutellum magnum. Ultra menssuram positam pro comuni bugelle. nec ensem nec stocum. nec alia arma que offenssiones alijs dare possent. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol. X. pp. et admitat arma. que arma arma deveniat In comuni bugellle. et quilibet sit accussator. et habeat suam partem banni. et consules non possint dare licenciam set teneantur Inquirere.

350. [VIIII] THOSE WHO ARE CARRYING FORBIDDEN WEAPONS.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no man from Biella and no person who resides in Biella should dare nor presume to bring a large knife that is larger than the measure set by the Commune of Biella; and, no one may import a sword, edged weapon, or any other weapon that might cause harm to others. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. for each and every offence and he should forfeit the weapons. These weapons should fall to the Commune of Biella. And, anyone may be an accuser and he may have his portion of the fine. And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation, but they are required to investigate.

352. [X] POST CAMPANAM SINE LUMINE INCEDENTES.

Item statutum est quod quid fuerit Inventus eundo per terram post quam canpana custodum pulsata fuerit siue lumine et per tantum tempus plus quod posset iri a porta toracie ad portam vernati. et ad Ronciglasci. usque ad portam ripe. et usque ad rouore. soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet uice qua fuerit acussatus. sol. quinque. et consules teneantur super hoc ponere publicos custodes et privatos.

352. [X] THOSE WHO VENTURE OUTDOORS AFTER THE BELL WITHOUT A LIGHT.

In the same way, it has been decreed that anyone who will have been discovered while going through the territory after the watch bell has been sounded even with a light and to the extent that there is more time than he can go from the Gate of Toracia all the way to the Gate of Vernatum and to Ronciglascum to the gate of the riverbank and thence to [the Gate of] Rovor, should pay a fine of five solidi for each and every offence of which he has been accused. And, the consuls are obliged to station public and private guards concerning the matter.

353. [XI] FATIENS UEL HABENS TURPITUDINEM UEL LATRINAM CUM ALIENO DAMPNO.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non debeat nec possit facere aliquam socuram latrinam que noceat aliqui. Et qui contra fecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice. sol. V. postea altet eam. Et consules teneantur inquirere si eis denunciatum fuerit.

353. [XI] CAUSING OR KEEPING WASTE OR A LATRINE WITH LOSS TO SOMEONE ELSE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should nor can cause human waste which is harmful to anyone to overflow. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay five solidi pp. for each and every offence and, afterward, he should deepen the latrine. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate if anyone has been reported to them.

354. [XII] QUI ARMA COMODAT PUNIATUR ET QUANDO DEBEANT CONSIGNARI.

Item statutum est quod omnes homines de bugella. et existantes. et habitantes in bugella habeant teneant et pressentent quocienscunque fuerint requisiti. arma. et Guarnimenta cuilibet ipsorum inposita per comune et homines bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice pro diploide et panceria sol. XX. pp. et pro alijs guarnimentis. sol. quinque. pp. et quod nullus possit nec debeat dicta guarnimenta Inpignorare uel prestare alicui persone extra locum bugelle. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice simile bannum ut supra.

354. [XII] HE, WHO FURNISHES WEAPONS, SHOULD BE PUNISHED AND WHEN THEY SHOULD BE BRANDED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that all men of Biella, both those who are staying there and those who live in Biella, should have, keep, and present as often as they are required the weapons and livery as often as they are required. And, [it should be] the livery imposed on them by the Commune and men of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence for a doublet and backpack, and five solidi pp. for other livery. And, [it is understood] that no one can nor should pledge the aforesaid livery nor loan them to any person outside of the territory of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine similar to that above for each and every offence.

355. [XIII] EMENTES GALLINAS UEL POLLASTROS UT DE FORIS CONDUCANTUR.

Item statutum est quod nulla persona vndecunque sit emat nec emere faciat gallinas pollastros oua. capretos nec aliquas saluaxinas ad portandum nec ad uendendum extra bugellam. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. X. pp. et amitat mercandiam. et quilibet possit accussare et denunciare. et consules teneantur Inquirere si eis fuerit denunciatum.

355. [XIII] THOSE WHO PURCHASE HENS AND PULLETS SO THAT THEY MIGHT BE TAKEN FROM THE MARKET PLACE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person whomsoever he might be, should buy or cause any hens, chickens, eggs, she-goats, or any heath-cocks to be purchased to carry or sell them outside of Biella. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. and he should lose the merchandise. And, anyone can accuse or denounce and the consuls are obliged to investigate if anyone has been reported to them.

356. [XIIII] INTRANTES ET RUMPENTES ALIENAM POSSESSIONEM.

Item statutum est quod qui Intrauerit uel rumperit alienam possessionem soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp.

356. [XIIII] THOSE WHO ENTER AND DISRUPT THE POSSESSION BELONGING TO SOMEONE ELSE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who enters or damages the possessions of another, should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence.

357. [XV] NON EMANTUR SEU UENDANTUR BESTIE MORBOSE UEL CORIA NEC DUCI DEBEANT. IN BUGELLA.

Item statutum est quod aliquis non possit nec debeat emere nec ducere uel duci facere aliquas bestias in bugella de aliqua parte seu loco vbi bestie sint infirme de morbo uel polmoneria. et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. LX. pp. et admitat bestias et dicte bestie perveniant In comuni. et cuilibet possit accussare et denunciare et habeat partem bestiarum. Et consules teneantur inquirere et tenere priuatos accusatores et denunciatores. Et Intelligatur dictum statutum debere obseruari postquam denunciatum fuerit uel preconizatum In placio bugelle ne quis presumat ducere uel duci facere predicta. a locis nominatis. In preconizatione. et tam ementes quam vendentes soluant bannum.

357. [XV] NEITHER DEAD ANIMALS NOR HIDES SHOULD BE BOUGHT OR SOLD AND THEY SHOULD NOT BE BROUGHT INTO BIELLA.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one can nor should sell, lead, or cause any animals to be brought into Biella from any locality or place where the animals are weakened by disease or lung disease (polmoneria). And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp. and he should lose the animals and the aforesaid animals should fall to the commune. And, anyone van accuse and denounce [the wrongdoer] and he may have a portion of the animals. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate and keep confidential [the names of] accusers and denouncers. And, it is understood that the aforesaid statute should be observed after it will have been reported or proclaimed in the public square of Biella lest anyone presume to lead or cause the aforesaid animals to be led into the places named in the proclamation. And, both buyers and sellers should pay the fine.

359. Item statutum est quod aliquis non debeat emere ducere uel duci facere in bugella aliqua coria de aliqua parte seu loco in quo bestie sint infirme morbo uel polmonaria. Et qui 22contrafecerit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et coria sint comunis bugelle. et quilibet possit accussare et denunciare. Et consules teneantur inquirere ed accussatores seu de nunciatores tenere priuatos. et dicti accussatores seu denunciatores habeant suam partem banni et de corijs. et in omnibus intelligatur hoc statutum secundum statutum de bestijs amorbatis.

359. In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should buy, convey, or cause any hides to be conveyed into Biella from any area or place in which the animals are weakened by disease or by lung disease. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. and the hides belong to the commune. And, anyone can accuse or denounce. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate, but the accusers or denouncers should be kept confidential. And, the aforesaid accusers and denouncers should have their portion of the fine and hides. And, in all of these things, it is understood that this statute is in accord with the statute concerning dead animals.

358. [XVI] COLUMBOS PRIVATOS ACCIPIENS CONDEMPNETUR.

Item statutum est quod nullus debeat capere nec capi facere aliquos columbos priuatos aliquo modo nec sub aliqua specie. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet. vice. sol. LX. pp. et restituat dampnum illis cuius fuerint. et quilibet possit accussare et denunciare palam et privatim. Et consules teneantur accussatores et denunciatores tenere priuatos. et inquirere contra predicta facientes. si siuerint uel audiuerint.

358. [XVI] HE, WHO ACCEPTS DOVES THAT ARE PRIVATELY OWNED, SHOULD BE CONVICTED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no one should keep or cause any doves to be kept privately in any manner or under any appearance. And, he who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of sixty solidi pp. for each and every offence and he should restore the loss to those for whom he caused it. And, anyone can accuse or denounce publicly and privately. And, the Consuls are obliged to keep confidential [the names of] accusers and denouncers and to investigate those who act against the aforesaid [banns], if they should know or hear of anything.

360. [XVII] QUI LUPOS CEPERIT PREMIUM CONSEQUATUR.

Item statutum est quod si aliquis homo caperet aliquem lupum et eum consignauerit consulibus comunis a comuni sol XX. pp. et lupus sit illius qui eum ceperit si eum ceperit super poderium bugelle uel uernati. uel si inciperent eum cazare super territorium bugelle et quod clauarius teneatur soluere dictos denarios infra unum menssem.

360. [XVII] HE, WHO CAPTURES A WOLF, SHOULD RECEIVE A REWARD.

In the same way, it has been decreed that, if any man should capture any wolf and hand it over to the Consuls of the Commune of Biella, he should have twenty solidi pp. from the commune and the wolf belongs to the person who captured it, if he captured it in the territory of Biella or Vernatum. or, if they began to track it in the territory of Biella. And, the aforesaid treasurer is obliged to pay the aforesaid denarii within one month.

361. CONSULES TENENTUR PRATA COMUNIS FACERE MENSURARI.

Item statutum est quod consules teneantur ex sacramento omnia prata communis facere menssurari. et ipsa menssurata per menssuram hinc ad exitum maij. reduci. in libro et ea consignari et facere legi in conscilio si placuerit conscilio.

361. THE CONSULES ARE OBLIGED TO SEE TO IT THAT THE OPEN FIELDS ARE SURVEYED.

In the same way, it was decreed that the consuls are obliged, on their sworn oath, to see to it that all of the meadows are to be surveyed and those fields are to be surveyed by the surveyor from this point to the end of May. The [survey] is to be recorded in the book and those surveys should be handed over and caused to be read in the Council, if it should please the Council.

362. [XVIII] A PRATO LONGO SUPERIUS AD ARRONCHANDUM TERRE NON CONCEDANTUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua terre uel possessiones que sunt comunis et hominum bugelle. a prato longo superius non possint concedi alicui persone sub aliquo titulo ad aroncandum nec ad praendum nec ad insitandum uel plantandum. Et consules non pacientur per eroum sacramentum poni in credencia per totum tempus eorum consulatus quod alique terre possessiones uel prata concedantur contra formam dicti statuti et qui pecierit soluat bannum sol. XX. pp. et qui consulerit soluat. sol. XL. et postea concessio sic facta sit cassa et nullius valloris.

362. [XVIII] LANDS CAN NOT BE YIELDED UP FROM THE MEADOWLAND FAR ABOVE ARONCHANDUM.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any lands or possessions which belong to the commune and men of Biella from the long meadow above [the town] can not be given over to any person under any title for the purpose of cutting [i.e., harvesting], supplying fodder, sowing, or planting. And, the consuls, on their sworn oath, are not permitted to place [any legislation] in the Credentia throughout the entire term of their consulate that any lands, possessions, or meadows be handed over contrary to the form of their aforesaid statute. And, he, who would permit [such legislation], should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. and he, who has sought [the legislation], should pay forty solidi pp. and, afterwards, the concession has thus been granted is void and of no value.

363. [XVIIII] REPROBATI DE FALSO UT CONVENIT PUNIATUR.

Item statutum est et ordinatum qui fuerit reprobatus per sapientes qui judicant banna comunis fecisse falssum juramentum siue falssum dissise testimonium non debeat perpetuo recipi in testem nec habere aliquod officium comunis et nomina ipsorumfalssariorum teneantur consules infra. XV. dies post quam reprobati fuerint scribi facere in libro statutorum. sicut falssum reddiderunt testimonium et publicare in publica credencia.

363. [XVIIII] THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN CENSURED FOR FALSEHOOD SHOULD BE PUNISHED AS IS SUITABLE.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that he, who has been convicted by the wise men (sapientes) who judge the fines of the commune of having sworn a false oath or of having uttered false testimony, should not ever be accepted as a witness or have any comunal duty, and, the consuls are obliged to see to it that the names of the false swearers are written in the books within fifteen days after they have been convicted as [men who] have rendered false testimony and to publicize them in the public Credentia.

364. [XX] QUANDO PREDIA QUE SUNT IN COMUNITATIBUS DEBEANT IMBANDARI.

Item statutum est quod prata que sunt in comunibus bugelle de quibus solluitur fictum dicto comuni sint in bannum sol. V. a medio mensse maij. usque ad exitum Agusti.

364. [XX] WHEN SHARES [OF FOOD] WHICH ARE IN THE COMMUNE SHOULD BE IMPOUNDED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that the meadows which are in the commune of Biella from which feudal dues are paid to the aforesaid commune are under a fine of five solidi pp. from the middle of the month pf May to the end of August.

365. [XXI] A FOSSATIS INFERIUS EXCEPTIS ALTINIS NULLE ARBORES ALLEUENTUR.

{MCCCXIIII} Item statutum est quod aliqua persona stens uel habitens in bugella non audeat uel presumat tenere plantare uel alleuare aliquas arbores a fossatis plani inferius in aliqua parte per totum territorium bugellensem. nisi altinos de Cerexia uel opio seu brignono uel salices. qui non possint ascendere cum ramis. ultra pedes VII. et teneantur omnes habentes arbores cuiuscunque alterius conditionis a predictis fossatis inferius tempore presentis consulatus incidere scorzare nel arrancare omnes alias arbores infra kalendas madij. proxime venturi. et qui contrafecerit uel uenerit in aliquo predictorum. soluat pro quolibet et qualibet edomada transacto predicto termino consulatus sol. XX. pp. et consules teneantur inquirere si de predictis facta fuerit acusa uel denuncia. Et teneantur tenere denunciatores ed acusatores priuatos. et predictum statutum non estendatur ad arbores ripe sarui nec ad alias que sunt in confinibus bugelle et vernati.

365. [XXI] NO TREES WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE "ALTINES" SHOULD BE PERMITTED TO GROW FROM BELOW THE DITCH.

{1314} In the same way, it has been decreed that any person who stays and resides in Biella should not dare nor presume to keep, plant, or raise any trees or any willows which can not grow with branches more than seven feet from below the ditches of the level area anywhere throughout the territory of Biella, unless it is in the highlands of Cerexia, Opium, or Brignonum. And, all of those who do have trees of any other condition whatsoever from below the aforesaid ditches during the time of the present consulate, are obliged to cut them down, girdle them, or cut down all of the other trees within the Kalends of the next coming May. And he, who violates [this bann], or happens on to anyone of the aforesaid things should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. for each and every week which has passed from the end of the aforesaid consulate. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate if accusations or reports have been made concerning the aforesaid matters. And, the aforesaid statute does not attend to the trees of the bank of Saruum and not to any others which are within the boundaries of Biella and Vernaum.

366. [XXII] VLTRA QUANTITATEM LIBRARUM DECEM QUALITER POSSIT DONARI ET DE CREDENCIA.

{MCCCXVII} Item statutum est quod non possit nec debeat fieri aliquod donum de here comunis ultra XL. libr. nisi prius fuerint cunuocati omnes et singuli domini domus siue capita domorum. tam de plano quam de placio simul in domo cunfrarie. Et si fuerint in cuncordia faciendi donum uel dona omnes uel maior pars ipsorum. quot donum uel dona sic factum uel facta soluatur equaliter pro quolibet domino domus habenti. in ualimento ultra libr. XXV. pp. et donum uel dona sic factum uel facta. contra predictum statutum nolentes soluere non teneantur nec compelli possint. Et hoc statutum inteligatur taliter precissum quod non possit Rupi nec cassari in toto nec in parte per totum consulatum. consulum qui jurassent.

366. [XXII] HOW ONE MIGHT DONATE MORE THAN THE QUANTITY OF TEN POUNDS AND CONCERNING THE CREDENCIA.

{1317} In the same way, it has been decreed that no gift of more than forty pounds from an heir of the commune can or should be made unless each and every one of the owners of the household or the heads of the households should be called together from the open country as well as from the public square as they were brothers in the home. And, if all of them or a greater portion thereof are in agreement with the making of the gift or gifts thus made is paid equally for each lord who has a household at a value in excess of twenty five pounds pp. and those who do not wish to pay contrary to the aforesaid statutes are not obliged to and can not be compelled to pay. And, this statute is understood to be so precise that it can not be broken nor voided in totality or in part throughout the entire consulate of the consuls who has taken the oath.

367. [XXIII] OFFENSORES RECEPTATORES ET RAPTORES CONUENIT CONDEMPNARI.

Item222 statutum est quod omnes homines de bugella et stantes et habitantes in bugella qui Receptauerint. In eorum domibus seu portare permisscerint aliqua bona ablata seu dampna data in comuni uel in diuisso seu dantes dapna uel frangentes bannum conpustularum seu Recipientes aliena bona in eorum domibus seu habitationibus stare uel habitare permisscerint. uel in eorum familia. Teneantur emendare dapna et offensiones illi seu illisquibus data fuerint. et soluere banna secundum statuta comunis bugelle. per inde ac si ipsi receptentes seu receptari permitentes dedissent offensiones uel banna fregissent conpostularum nisi dens seu dentes dapna uel frangentes banna acordarent predicta banna. Et non possint contra hoc ignoranciam aliquam allegare.

367. [XXIII] IT IS FITTING THAT THOSE WHO COMMIT ASSAULTS, ARE RECEIVERS [OF STOLEN GOODS, OR COMMIT RAPES BE CONVICTED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that all of the men of Biella, both those residing and living in Biella who have been received into the households [of residents] or who have permitted anyone who has caused losses or who has broken the bann of those who hold property, who has received the goods of others (i.e., stolen property) into their household, who caused damage in the commune or in a fief, or who has permitted such person to remain or live in their homes, habitations, or households, are obliged to restore loses and offenses to reimburse the loses or offences to the person or persons whom have suffered them and to pay the fines according to the statutes of the commune of Biella in that regard and, if those who are receiving them or permitting them to be received should give offence or break the bann of property oweners unless he or those causing losses or breaking the banns should agree to the aforesaid fines. And, they can not allege any ignorance against the statute.

368. [XXIIII] QUO TEMPORE PROHIBITUM SIT PISCHARI.

Item statutum est et ordinatum quod aliqua perssona de bugella uel aliunde non possit nec ei licitum sit piscari uel pischari facere in aquis territorij et comunis bugelle a festo pascatis Ressurrectionis domini usque ad carnispriuium ad aliquod ingenium nisi ad virgam et lignam et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. XX. pp. et quilibet possit acussare et denunciare et habeat terciam partem banni et consules et consules teneant accussatores privatos et teneantur inquirere si fuerit eis denunciatum et quod consules non possint de hijs dare licenciam alicui.

368. [XXIIII] WHEN FISHING IS PROHIBITED.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person of Biella or anywhere else can not fish nor permit anyone to fish in the waters of the territory and commune of Biella from the Feast of Easter Resurection to the beginning of Lent (Septuagesima or Sexagesima Sunday) on any pretext, unless it is with a pole or a small branch. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence; and, anyone can accuse or denounce and may have a third portion of the fine. The consuls are obliged to keep the accuser['s name] confidential and they are obliged to investigate if anything has been reported to them. And, [it is understood] that the consuls can not grant a dispensation to anyone regarding these matters.

369. [XXV] PRO SPONSIS DUCENDIS DE PLANO IN PLATIUM UEL UERNATUM NICHIL EST EXIGENDUM.

Item statutum et ordiatum est quod non fiat rex nec aliqua coadunatio gentium munitorum causa excutiendi uel exigendi aliquid a sponsabus. que ducuntur de plano in placium uel vernatum. uel de placio in planum seu vernatum. seu de vernato in placium uel in planum. nec ipsas sponsas detinere uel impedire et qui contrafecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice. sol. X. pp. et consules teneantur inquirere si fuerit eis denuntiatum. et ultra hoc teneantur consules sponsam et sponsas impeditas facere relaxari. dummodo fiat idem per illos de vernato. Aliter ad ipsos de vernato non extendatur statutum.

369. [XXV] NOTHING MUST BE EXACTED TO BRING SPOUSES FROM THE OPEN COUNTRY INTO THE PUBLIC SQUARE OR INTO VERNATUM.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that no king nor any unifier of the mountain tribes should be created for the purpose of seizing or demanding anything from the wives who were conveyed from the open country into the market place or Vernatum, or from the market place into the countryside or Vernatum, or from Vernatum into the marketplace or into the countryside, and they can not detain or hinder these spouses. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. for each and every offence. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate if anything should be reported to them. And, in addition to this, the consuls are obliged to see to it that the spouse or spouses who have been detained are released since this same thing was done by men from Vernatum, otherwise the statute would not be extended to the men of Vernatum.

370. [XXVI] HABENTES CANALES SUPER FOSSATA QUID FACERE TENEANTUR.

Item statutum est quod quelibet persona que nunc habet et tenet et de cetero habuerit et tenuerit canalem super fussatum seu fossata plani bugelle. debeant tenere in medio canalis continue et manutenere bonam clausuram de sepe. siue palencatum inspinatum taliter quod nullus possit transire. ire nec redire. per ipsas canales. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet edomada. sol. V. pp. Et simile bannum soluat qui tenuerit hostium uel sapellum in dictis palenchatis. Et consules teneantur inquirere si eis denuntiatum fuerit. et tenere denuntiatores priuatos.

370. [XXVI] WHAT THOSE WHO HAVE WATER PIPES OVER THE DITCHES ARE OBLIGED TO DO.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any person, who now owns or keeps or who will henceforth own or keep a waterpipe above a ditch or above the ditches of the open area of Biella, should maintain an effective water gate from the ditch in the middle of the water pipe and maintain it continuously or an inspection opening [port?] so designed that no one can pass through, go, or return through those water pipes.. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of five solidi pp. for each and every offence and every week. And, he should pay a similar fine who keeps and enemy or a sapper in the aforesaid inspection port. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate, if something is reported to them and to keep the [names of the] denouncers confidential.

371. [XXVII] PASCANTES IN CLAUSURIS PLATIJ UEL FOSSATIS.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non ducat nec duci faciat aliquas bestias ad pascendum in aliquo loco in clausuris placij et plani bugelle. nec in fossatis et ripaticis interioribus et exterioribus. Et qui contrafecerit soluat bannum pro qualibet bestia sol. X. pp. et si fuerint decem et a decem superius soluat sol. XX. pp. et quilibet possit accussare et denuntiare. Et consules teneant accusatores et denuntiatores privatos.

371. [XXVII] THOSE WHO PASTURE [THEIR ANIMALS] IN THE ENCLOSED AREAS OF THE PUBLIC SQUARE OR THE DITCHES.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should cause any animals to be led to graze in any place on the enclosed areas of the public square or open areas of Biella and in the ditches or on the inner and outer margins of the river bank. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay a fine of ten solidi pp for each and every animal and, if there were ten or more animals, he should pay a fine of twenty solidi pp. and anyone can accuse and denounce. And, the consuls are obliged to keep the accusers and denouncers confidential.

372. ELIGANTUR C. CLIENTES PRO TENSANDIS STRATIS.

Item ordinauerunt quod eligantur C. clientes siue seruentes de probioribus terre pro tensandis stratis domini Episcopi. et comunis bugelle. qui obediant mandatis consulum. Et offensores stratarum domini espiscopi memorati possint capere et offendere impune. nisi dicti derobatores offenderent dantes merchandiam rebellibus dicti domini nostri. Et currentes super ipsius terram.

372. ONE HUNDRED CLIENTS SHOULD BE CHOSEN TO MAINTAIN THE STREETS.

In the same way, they have ordained that one hundred clients or slaves from the more upright men of the land for maintaining the safety of the streets of the Lord Bishop and the commune of Biella who are obedient to the mandates of the consuls. And, they, [who maintain the safety of the roads], can lay hold of or assault with impunity those who are causing offences on the roads of the Lord Bishop, who has been mentioned [above], unless the aforesaid highwaymen assault those who are giving material aid to the rebels of our aforesaid Lord and those who are running [trespassing] on their land.

373. [XXVIII] PENE STATUTE CONTRA EUNTES AD LOCA REBELLIUM ET EIS DANTES CONSILIUM UEL FAVOREM.

Item statutum et ordinatum fuit quod aliqua persona de bugella. seu stans uel habitans in bugella. non audeat uel presumat dare seu dari facere Merchandiam. seu conscilium. auxilium uel fauorem hominibus Saluzolie. nec alicui alteri terre uel persone rebelli Comunis bugelle. seu facienti Guerram comuni et hominibus de bugella. nec ire ad dictas terras. et qui contra fecerit. perpetuo sit exemptus et extractus ab omnibus honoribus et utilitatibus et officijs comunis bugelle. Ita quod perpetuo non habeantur nec haberi possit pro vicino uel habitatore comunis bugelle. nec perpetuo possit poni in credentia. quod si fiat aliqua gratia contra predictum statutum. nisi prius soluerit comuni bugelle. ibr. X. pp. pro quolibet et qualibet uice. Solutis bannis consules possint omnes in concordia ponere in credentia et credentia possit postea cum ipso dispensare si voluerit. quo ad honores et alia. dum modo due partes sint in concordia. et non aliter. Et consules teneantur inquirere quoties fuerit eis denuntiatum. et tenere denuntiatores et accussatores priuatores. et denuntiatores et accusatores habeant terciam partem banni excusi. et possit in eundo et redeundo impune libere derobari et spoliari. et bona ablata et derobata sint aufferentis.

373. [XXVIII] PENAL STATUTES AGAINST THOSE WHO GO TO PLACES OF THOSE WHO ARE IN REBELLION AND FOR THOSE WHO GIVE AID AND COMFORT [TO REBELS].

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person from Biella or anyone who stays or resides in Biella should not dare to nor presume to give or cause any material, counsel, aid, or comfort to be given to the men of Saluzolia nor to any other land or person in rebellion with the commune of Biella, or who makes war on the commune and men of Biella, and, no one should dare to go to the aforesaid lands. And he, who violates [this bann], is perpetually exempted from and taken out of all honors, advantages, and offices of the Commune of Biella. [It is understand] thus that these [privileges] may not be held in perpetuity and the privilege may not be held on behalf of a neighborhood or a residence of the commune of Biella and in perpetuity he may not be seated in the Credentia. [It is understood] that, if any indulgence should be extended that is contrary to the aforesaid statute, unless payment will have been made beforehand; ten pounds should be paid for each and every offence. Once the fines have been paid, the consuls can seat all of them in harmony in the Credentia and the Credentia can dispense with the statute later if it should wish to in regard to the honors and the other things as long as the two factions are in agreement, and not otherwise. And, the consuls are obliged to investigate as often as something is reported to them and to keep the denouncers and accusers confidential. And, the denouncers and accusers may have a one third portion of the fine exacted. And, he can be freely robbed and despoiled while coming and going freely and the goods which have been stolen or taken may be retained.

374. Item statutum et ordinatum fuit quod aliqua persona de bugella seu stans uel habitans in bugella non audeat uel presumat de cetero ire ad habitandum saluzoliam nec ad aliquem locum rebellum seu facientem guerram Comuni et hominibus de bugella. et qui de cetero steterit uel contra fecerit cadat ab omni iure quod habet et habere posset in terris et possessionibus ac bonis mobilibus et immobilibus que haberet teneret possideret. super territorium bugelle et vernati. Et cadat in comissum. et omnia dicta bona perueniant in commune bugelle. et dicto comuni pubicentur ipso iure. et de dictis bonis nullam possit perpetuo habere gratiam. set perpetuosit bannitus comunis bugelle. nec habeatur uel haberi possit perpetuo pro vicino. et perpetuo sit exclusus ab omnibus officijs. honoribus et utilitatibus Comunis bugelle. et a quolibet perpetuo possit impune offendi un here et in persona. et hoc statutum sit et esse intelligatur perpetuum et precisum per sacramentum. Ita quod contra dictum statutum non possit dispensari. uel tolli seu aliquid ordinari. Et consul qui aliquid contra predicta posuerit in credentia. soluat bannum pro quolibet et qualibet uice. sol. LX. et quicunque arengauerit contra predictum statutum soluat bannum sol. XX. pro qualibet uice et ultra hoc omnia proposita statuta et ordinata contra predictum statutum. sint cassa. irrita et nullius ualoris penitus uel momenti. Et consules teneantur inquirere si fuerit eis denuntiatum uel ad aures eorum peruenerit et tenere denuntiatores et accusatores privatos.

374.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person from Biella, or anyone staying or residing in Biella, should neither dare nor presume henceforth to go to live in Saluzolia or to any place in rebellion or making war on the Commune and men of Biella; and, he, who henceforth stays [there] or violates [this bann], gives up every right which he has or can have in lands, possessions, and mobile or immobile properties which he might have, hold, or possess in the territory of Biella and vernatum. And, he falls into the fine and all of the aforesaid goods fall to the Commune of Biella and they are to be announced to the Commune by right, and from the aforesaid [actions], he can have no indulgence in perpetuity, but he may be an exile of the Commune of Biella in perpetuity. And, he may not be considered [a member of] the neighborhood and he can not be considered for neighborhood member status in perpetuity, and he is excluded from all offices, honors, and advantages of the Commune of Biella. And, he can be harmed in his inheritance and person with impunity in perpetuity. And, this is decreed and it is understood to be everlasting and precise on their sworn oath. And, it is thus understood that nothing can be dispensed with contrary to the aforesaid statute or can anything be taxed or ordained. And, the consul, who places any [legislation] against the aforesaid matters in the Credentia, should pay a fine of sixty solidi for each and every offence and whoever has acted contrary to the aforesaid statute should pay twenty solidi pp. as a fine for each and every offence and, moveover, all of the statutes and ordinances which have been proposed against the aforesaid statute are void, suspect, and of no value or weight whatsoever. And, the Consuls are obliged to investigate, if something has been reported to them or comes to their ears; and, they are to keep denouncers and accusers confidential.

375. [XXVIIII] NON LICET TENERE IGNEM PER TERRAM TEMPORE UENTOSO. NEC IN DOMIBUS PALEATIS.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod nulla persona debeat portare ignem tempore ventoso per planum nec per placium de die nec de nocte nec facere nec tenere ignem in aliqua domo que non sit cohoperta de cupis et qui contra fecerit soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. X. p.. Et quilibet possit accusare et denunciare et tenebitur priuatus nisi esset lumen quod portaret cum candela.

375. [XXVIIII] IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO KEEP A FIRE THROUGHOUT THE LAND DURING THE TIME OF WIND STORMS, AND NOT IN FENCED-IN HOMES.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that no person should carry an open flame during a time of high winds through the open areas and through the public square nor should anyone build or keep an open flame in any home which has not been roofed with copper; and, he, who violates [this bann], should pay ten solidi pp. for each and every offence [as a fine]. And, anyone can accuse and report, and, he will be kept confidential, unless it is a lamp which he carries as well as a candle.

376. [XXX] DE RE PROMISSA ET DEBITA COMUNI NON LICET GRATIFICARI.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona que de cetero incantet emat seu titulo locationis uel quocunque alio modo accipiat aliquam rem a comuni non possit nec valeat habere aliquam prorogationem temporis nec aliquam gratiam seu remissionem de pecunia quam incantu hemptione locatione seu quocunque alio contractu facto cum comuni uel consulibus bugelle nomine ipsius comunis soluere promixisset et gratia facta contra predictum statutum nulla sit ipso iure. Et predictum statutum sit et esse intelligatur de cetero precisum et iuratum. Ita quod super ipso non possit dispensare nec contra dictum statutum in aliquo contrafieri. Et consules qui pro temporibus fuerint non paciantur poni in credencia ut contra fiat uel quod super ipso in aliquo dispensetur in pena et banno sol. LX. pro quolibet consule et qualibet uice.

376. [XXX] ABSOLUTION MAY NOT BE PERMITTED CONCERNING PROPERTY PROMISSED OR OWED TO THE COMMUNE.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person, who henceforth auctions off or buys [property] under the title of the location or in any other manner whatsoever or who should receive any property, can not and should not have any extension of time or any dispensation or remission from the money which he had promissed to pay as a result of the auction or sale of the location or from whatever other contract he had made with the Commune or Consuls of Biella in the name of the aforesaid commune and, if a dispensation has been granted contrary to the aforesaid statute, it has no weight in law. And the aforesaid statute may be and is understood to be in effect and sworn to. Thus, [it is understood] that, concerning the statute, there can be no dispensation and no violation against the aforesaid statute in any way. And, the Consuls, who will will be in office at the time, are not permitted to be seated in the Credentia so that they might act contrary to the statute or that anything in this law can be dispensed with in any way. In punishment, there is a fine of sixty solidi for each consul for each offence.

377. [XXXI] IN OMNE QUESTIONE ET DUBIO ORTO RATIONE STATUTORUM ET UENDICIONUM COMUNIS PER STATUARIOS QUOMODE TERMINETUR.

Item quis eius est Interpretari cuius est condere av eius est uelle statutum est quod si aliqua questio dubium seu disscessio oriatur vel fiat Ratione alicuius statuti ordinationis uel reformationis Comunis bugelle. seu vendicionis facte per Comune uel obligationis statuti contractus uel quasi facti cum Comuni uel ratione statutorum dicti Comunis quod dicte questiones declarentur determinetur et Interpretentur per consules et statutarios qui tunc temporis fuerint et siue statuta ordinaciones reformationes contractus et obligationes fuerint clara siue dubia uel obscura uel e conuerso. non obstentibus Iuribus dicentibus. quod in incertis non certis locus est coniecturis et quod a uerbis legis non est recedendum et quod stricti Iuris non recipiunt Interpretationem. et quod lex seruanda est etiamsi per quam dura sint uel aliquibus alijs Iuribus in contrarium prouulgatis. Ita quod a suis declarationibus Interpretationibus factis per maiorem partem predictorum consulum et statutariorum non possint appelari set ex nunc intelligantur expresse appellationibus renunciasse et statutarij. Singulis annis scribantur per consules nominatim ne questio oriatur qui fuerint ad condenda statuta. Et qui venerit contra dictum statutum uel ipsum in aliquo impugnauerit. soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice. qua se presentauerit uel impugnauerit sol. LX. et nichilominus stetur eorum sententijs determinationibus declarationibus et interpretationibus non obstante. lege que dicit quod nemo debet duabus legibus puniri. et non obstante. lege que dicit quod semel comissa pena amplius committi non potest et quolibet alio Iure in contrarium ordinato.

377. [XXXI] HOW IT SHOULD BE RESOLVED BY THE STATUTE-MAKERS IN EVERY QUESTION OR DOUBT WHICH HAS RISEN BY REASON OF THE STATUTES OR SALES OF THE COMMUNE.

In the same way, since it is his to be interpreted whose it is to compose and it is his to determine [what it means], it has been decreed that, if any question of doubt or division [dispute] should arise or occur by reason of any statute of ordination or reformation of the commune of Biella, or by reason of a sale made by the commune or of an obligation of a statute, or of a contract as it were made with the commune, or by reason of the statutes of the aforesaid commune, [it is understood] that the aforesaid questions are made known, determined, and interpreted by the consuls and statute-makers who are then at the time [in office] and, either the statutes, ordinances, reforms, contracts, and obligations are made clear, or, if they remain dubious, obscure, or conversely, while statutes which obstruct are silent (in these matters), [it is understood] that, in uncertain matters, there is no place for the misrepresentation of things that are certain and, since one must not withdraw from the words of the law and since narrow [readings] of the law do not welcome interpretations, [it is understood] that the law must be preserved, even if through this preservation harsh things occur or if any other laws have been published to the contrary. [It is understood] that by the public announcements of their interpretations which have been made by a major portion of the aforesaid consuls and statute-makers, [their decisions] can not be appealed, but hereafter they and the statute-makers are understood to have expressly renounced [further] appeals. Every year [these decisions] are written down by the consuls by name so that no question will arise that will require them to compose new statutes. And, he, who violates the aforesaid statute or assails it in any way, should pay sixty solidi for each and every instance in which he presents the statutes himself [for legal action] or impugns them and [the validity] of their sentences, determinations, declarations, and interpretations remains, while there is no law obstructing which states that no one should be punished under two laws and while there is no law obstructing which states that once a penalty has been imposed, it can not be imposed further and while any other law to the contrary has been ordained.

378. [XXXII] EMENTES UENDENTES ET RECEPTANTES PISCES ALIBI QUAM IN PLATHEIS PUBICIS PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod qui vendiderit aliquos pisces crudos alibi quam in plathea bugelloni in plano et in plathea que est ex opposito ecclesie sancti Jacobi in placio soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. XX. pp. et amitat pises et medietas piscium perueniat in consules et alia in denuntiatores uel accussatores.

378. [XXXII] THOSE WHO PURCHASE, SELL, OR RECEIVE FISH ANYWHERE OTHER THAN IN THE PUBLIC SQUARES SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who sells any raw fish in any way other than the open area in the public square of Biella or in the open area in the public square opposite the Church of St. James, should pay twenty solidi pp. for each and every offence and he should lose the fish. Half of the fish should fall to the consuls and the other to the denouncers or accusers.

379. Item statutum est quod qui emerit pisces alibi quam in istis platheis soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. X.

379. In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who buys fish any where other than in those public squares, should pay a fine of ten solidi for each and every offence.

380. Item statutum est quod qui permiserit vendi pisces crudos in sua domo seu habitatione et qui receptauerit seu receperit a solis ortu usque ad ocassum pisces venales soluat pro quolibet et qualibet uice sol. XX.

380. In the same way, it has been decreed that he, who permits raw fish to be sold in his home or habitation and who will have received or who has received the fish which has been sold from dawn to sunset, should pay twenty solidi for each and every offence.

381. NEMO UISITET UEL DONET PLAGOLATAS.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona non audeat uel presumat ire ad visitandum paglolatas nec sibi panem mittere nec facere aliquod donum nisi fuerit mater filia soror nel Cognata et quelibet persona que contrafecerit. soluat pro qualibet vice sol. XX. pp.

381. NO ONE SHOULD VISIT OR GIVE [A GIFT] TO THOSE WHO HAVE THE PLAGUE.

In the same way, it has been decreed that no person should dare or presume to go to visit those women [who are afflicted] with plague to send bread to them, or to make any gift to them, unless she is his mother, daughter, sister, or kinswoman; and, any person, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi for each offence.

382. QUILIBET TENEATUR ESSE DE COLLEGIO ARTIS SUE.

Item statutum est quod quelibet persona de bugella teneatur et debeat ac compelli possit esse de Collegio artis quam exercet et attendere precepta sibi facta rationabiliter ex parte sui colegij. Saluo honore et vtilitate comunis bugelle et saluo statuto posito sub rubica de credentia.

382. ANY PERSON IS OBLIGED TO BE A MEMBER OF THE COLLEGE OF HIS OWN CRAFT.

In the same way, it has been decreed that each person of Biella is obliged to, should be, and can be compelled to be a member of the College of the Arts which he practices and to pay attention to the by-laws, which have been made for him by the college in a rational manner. Saving that the honor and advantage of the Commune of Biella and saving that the statute placed under the rubric of the Credentia [are not compromised].

383. [XXXIII] AD COADUNATIONEM FACTAM RATIONE COMUNIS FORENSES ACCEDERE NON PRESUMANT.

Item statutum et ordinatum est quod aliqua persona que non sit de bugella seu recepta in habitatorem. Comunis bugelle non audeat uel presmat ire ad coadunationem. et qui contra fecerit puniatur pro qualibet vice qua accusatus fuerit sol. XX.

383. [XXXIII] FOREIGNERS SHOULD NOT DARE TO APPROACH TO APPROACH IN ORDER TO CALL FOR AN ASSEMBLY FOR THE SAKE OF THE COMMUNE.

In the same way, it has been decreed and ordained that any person who is not from Biella and who has not been received into a habitation of the Commune of Biella should neither dare nor presume to go to the assembly. And, he, who violates [this bann], should be punished in the amount of twenty solidi on each occasion that he has been accused.

384. [XXXIIII] DUCENTES BESTIAS DE BASTO SEU PLAUSTRA PER PORTICUS PLACIJ PUNIATUR.

Item quod aliqua persona non audeat uel presumat ducere nec duci facere seu permitere ire bestias de basto seu plaustra per porticos placij. et qui contra fecerit soluat pro qualibet vice sol. II. nisi ostenderetur manifeste quod via publica esset occupata uel impedita. uel nisi Intraret porticum in qua uellet et deberet discareare res quas uel portaret. Et qui iuerit per viam super terralium juxta maxeriam fossati plani cum bestijs vna uel pluribus soluat pro quolibet et qualibet vice sol. V. pp.

384. [XXXIIII] HE WHO LEADS ANIMALS FROM THE CORRAL OR ENCLOSURE THROUGH THE PORTICOS OF THE PUBLIC SQUARE SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, [it is understood] that no person should dare to lead or to cause any animals to be led to or to allow any animals to go from a corral or enclosure through the porticos of the public square. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay two solidi pp. for each offence unless it is clearly shown that the public road was occupied or impeded or unless he entered the portico in which he wished to be and he should unload those materials which he is conveying or carrying. And, h, who goes along the road above Terralium near the wall of the dich of the land area together with one or more animals, should pay five solidi for each and every offence.

385. [XXXV] TENENTES CLAUSURAS IN PORTICHUBUS SEU MANTELLOS CONTRA DEBITUM QUALITER PUNIANTUR.

Item statutum est quod aliqua persona de bugella seu que stet uel habitet in bugella non teneat nec faciat aliquam clausuram seu firmamentum de asiidibus uel lapidibus extra Murum domus versus porticum excepto mantello de asidibus quem facere possit exopposito introitus domus qui mantellus distet a terra per VII. pedes. Et qui contrafecerit soluat pro qualibet uice qua inuentus fuerit fecisse contra predicta et pro qua accusatus fuerit sol X. X. pp. et pro qualibet vice qua tenetur postea. sol. V. et habentes eas teneantur abstulisse infra. octo dies. et consules possint et teneantur inquirere et predictum statutum non intelligatur de scalis uel banchis que sunt in porticubus. set eas tenere possint. Et consules non possint dare licenciam.

385. [XXXV] HOW THOSE WHO KEEP ENCLOSURES IN THE PORTICOS OR SHEDS AGAINST A DEBTOR SHOULD BE PUNISHED.

In the same way, it has been decreed that any person from Biella or anyone who stays or resides in Biella, should not maintain nor build any enclosure or support from the lumber or stones outside the wall of the palace opposite the portico with the exception of the wall of timber which one can build opposite the entrance of the palace; the wall would be seven feet high. And, he, who violates [this bann], should pay twenty solidi pp. for each offence in which he has been found to have acted contrary to the aforesaid matters and for which he has been accused and he should pay five solidi for each offence for which he is later held [accountable]. And, those, who do have those materials, are obliged to have returned them within eight days. And, the consuls can and are obliged to investigate; and the aforesaid statute is not understood concering the stairs and benches within the porticos, but they can maintain them. And, the consuls can not grant a dispensation.

XXIII. RUBRICA DE CRIMINE STELIONATUS.

XXIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE CRIME OF "STELIONATES".

386. OMNIA DELICTA PUNIAT COMUNE BUGELLE. CUM PENA DEFFICIT ARBITRIO IUDICANTIS. NE GLORIETUR DELINQUENS CUM MALE GERIT.

Quia non debeat remanere maleficia inpunita. Statutum est. quod si quod malificium seu denpnum reale personale uel mistum factum fuerit seu datum uel perpetratum seu iniuria facta et de predictis uel ipsorum aliquo non sit per aliud statum certa pena ordinata illud dampnum maleficium siue iniuria quocunque nomine censeantur puniantur ad arbitrium consulum et sapientum dicti comunis per consules qui pro temporibus fuerint electorum.

386. THE COMMUNE OF BIELLA MAY PUNISH ALL MISDEEDS WHEN A PENALTY IS LACKING IN THE JUDGEMENT OF A LAWYER LEST THE CRIMINAL BE GLORIFIED WHEN HE ACTS BADLY.

Since wrongdoing should not remain unpunished, it has been decreed that, if any wrongdoing or loss, real, personal, or mixed, has been caused, imposed, or perpetrated or, if any injury has been incurred both from the aforesaid things or from any one of them, there should not be any reckoning without a certain, ordained penalty. The loss, evildoing, or injury by whatever name it may be considered, should be punished at the decison of the Consuls and Wise Men of the aforesaid commune by the consuls who are in office at the time [at the decision] of the electors.

THE INVENTORY

OF

THE STATUTES OF THE COMMUNE OF BIELLA

I. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING CONSULS.

1. I The Sacramental Oath of the Consuls. 2. II That the Consuls should acknowledge justice and enforce verdicts. (V. 3, 21, 35-37, 42-43, 65) 3. III That the commands of the Consuls should be heeded. (V. 2, 24, 29, 32, 48, 63) 4. IIII The salary of the notary of the Consuls and what a notary can be obliged to do. (V. 36, 43, 341) 5. V To whom the Consul is obligated to provide lunch at some time and the penalty for he who does not acknowledge this. 6. VI Within what time a penalty must be exacted and a defense must be undertaken. (V. 9, 26-27, 30, 37, 44, 70) 7. VII The old consuls should give the fines to the new men with Christmastide. (V. 16, 50, 177-8, 367. 8. VIII The statutes should be read within Christmastide every year and later should be handled as a public instrument. (V. 6, 15, 33, 38, 40, 60, 285, 386.) 9. VIIII All of the consuls are required to have charge of the income of the commune and to execute all of its business. (V. 6, 15, 33, 38, 40, 60, 285, 376) 10. Y Foreign workers should be paid on the first day. Native-born workers should be paid by the eighth day together with the expenses which they have declared. 11. XI All measures should be investigated and signed by Christmas. (V. 16, 226-235, 237-8.) 12. XII The penalty for moneychangers who refuse to change the monies of the commune. 13 XIII Which communities should harvest their woods within the Kalends of March. (V. 64, 144, 148- 151, 154-159, 161-164, 166-7, 257, 273, 274) [This chapter title does not correspond to the text of the chapter] 14. XIV The time and form of choosing determinatores and what they are obliged to do. (V. 18, 23) 15. XV The penalty for those consuls who account for more than they expend. (V. 9, 53) 16. XVI What the old consuls are obliged to consign to the new consuls within Christmastide. (V. 7, 1, 19) 17. XVII The consuls should see to it that the reading (of their solemn oath) is attended to by the Lord Bishop and the commune. (V. 42, 56, 101, 195, 244, 267) 18. XVIII By what right and how many councilors should be chosen and the penalty for the consuls who add (councilors). (V. 14, 37, 86, 124, 250) 19. XVIIII The investigation of weapons and the penalty for those who do not have them. (V. 16, 41, 241, 346, 354, 372) 20. XX By whom and within what period of time new statutes should be placed in the volume of the statutes. (V. 8) 21. XXI How often, in what manner, and within what period of time penalties should be adjudicated. (V. 2) 22. XXII The form of appointing private guards. (V. 174, 250, 328) 23. XXIII In what manner the walls of the open spaces should be maintained and the penalty ordained for those actions against the consuls. (V. 14, 112, 271, 272, 274-276, 279, 282) 24. XXIIII That those who are prohibited from accepting sureties may be punished. (V. 3, 28, 60, 249, 344, 346) 25. XXV How quickly he who is not obedient may be punished. (V. 32) 26. XXVI In how much time a defence may be conceded to those who have been accused. (V. 6) 27. XXVII What defence must be granted to the accused. (V. 24) 28. XXVIII How those who have been sentenced should redeem their bond. (V. 24) 29. XXVIIII The command of one consul should not invalidate that of the other. (V. 3) 30. XXX Before satisfaction [has been rendered], no defense should be granted. (V. 6) 31. When and how statutes must be improved. (V. 8) 32. XXXI The penalty is ordained for those who do not go to the Council and for those who do not obey the precepts of the consuls. (V. 3, 25, 45-7, 57) 33. XXXII How fines should be demanded from foreigners. (V. 9) 34. XXXIII A penalty has been decreed for those who speak threatening words or who strike the consuls. (V. 94-103) 35. XXXIIII On every lawful day for business, a clavarius (or mace-bearer) should sit before the tribune unless he is excused for a just cause. (V. 2) 36. XXXV The mace-bearer may keep [the salary that he is paid] because he is obliged to sit before the tribunal every business day. (V. 2,4) 37. XXXVI How fines should be imposed on foreigners and how the proceedings against all of them should be recorded. (V. 2, 6, 18) 38. XXXVII How the expenses incurred by the Consuls should be paid by them or by those who should free themselves of them. (V. 9, 250) 39. XXXVIII Within what period of time a person can resume a city magistracy. (V. 9) 40. XXXVIIII In accounting for expenses, the person with whom, the day, and the month must be reported. (V. 9) 41 XXXX Who can excuse someone else from the guard duty. (V. 19) 42-43 XXXXI What the consuls may have from an investigation and what they are obliged to do. (V. 2, 4, 17) 44. An accused person is legitimately held for a penalty, unless it is proven to the contrary. (V. 6)

II. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE CREDENTIA (or Legislative Assembly).

45. I How a person who does not come to the Credentia or speaks while it is in session may be punished (V. 32) 46. II A person who speaks against the precepts of the Consul may be punished. (V. 32) 47. III Anyone who does not take an oath before coming to the Credentia may be punished. (V. 32) 48. IIII Those matters which are to be acted upon should be ordered by a greater portion of the Credentia. (V. 3) 49. V No one should hold an honor or an office in the Commune who is not an inhabitant (of the Commune) and who has refused to keep an honor. (V. 53, 59, 101, 122, 252, 255, 383) 50. VI Concerning those fines for which permission is not given to grant a pardon. (V. 7, 99, 121) 51. VII A response should never be given in the presence of those seeking a pardon. (V. 52, 366) 52. VIII A gift can not be given except when the magistrates are first assembled. (V. 51, 250). 53. VIIII How the electors of the Consuls and the Consuls are chosen. (V. 15, 39, 49, 54-55, 96, 104-105, 108-109, 121-122, 236, 249-250, 252, 262, 266, 373, 374) 54. X How the electors of the officials and the officials should be chosen. (V. 53) 55. XI How the chosen electors of the Conculs and the officials are deprived of their office by the Podesta. (V. 53, 110) 56. XII A majority portion of the Credentia can change what has been ordained. (V. 8, 17) 57. XIII The penalty for those who propose anything before the matters proposed by the Consuls will have been acted upon. (V. 32) 58. XIIII When an instrument for pardon which has been made by the Commune is in force and the penalty for the notary who marks an instrument against the form of the statutes. (V. 241, 243, 259-260, 270) 59. XV The penalty for the foreigner who goes to an assembly made by the decision of the Commune. (V. 49, 250)

III. THE RUBRIC OF THE COMMUNE.

60. I The penalty for not making payment within the time limit which has been ordained. (V. 9, 24) 61. II The salary established for equestrian ambassadors (V.62) 62. III The salary for those who are on foot and carrying out the business of the Commune. 63. IIII The penalty for not attending to the instructions of the Commune and the proceedings against them indicated by the Consuls. (V. 3, 292, 349) 64. V The penalty for those who trim the trees in the Commune beyond the form of the statute. (V. 13) 65 VI Punishments are adjudicated by those of the Credentia from the mandate of the Consuls. 66. VII On Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, the goods of those coming to the marketplace should not be hindered. (V. 182) 67. VIII The Lord of the household should pay for the tenant (or hired person\mercenary) who refuses to sustain the honors of the commune. (V. 240, 245- 247, 268) 68. VIIII Expenditures by the officials of associations beyond their means (financial resources) without the license of the Comune should by no means be repeated. (V. 75-82, 89-93) 69. X Any person causing damage in someone else's home is bound to pay five solidi. (V. 97, 103, 147, 186, 356) 70. An accused person who does not make a defense with a month is considered to be convicted.

IIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING HOLY DAYS, CHURCHES, CONVENTS, BROTHERHOODS, AND HOSPITALS.

71. XI The manner in which those who swear and blaspheme Jesus and the other Saints of God should be punished. 72. XII On which fast days it is forbidden to work. (V. 74, 87) 73. XIII How those who climb atop the churches should be punished. (V. 83-85) 74. XIIII At which feasts and vigils access should be prohibited. (V. 72) 75. XV By whom the officials of the brotherhoods are chosen and who they are and within what time and in what manner they are obbliged to render an accounting under penalty. (V. 68) 76. XVI What and how much brothers are obliged to pay and the penalty for those who do not attend to this as they should. (V. 68) 77. XVII The penalty for those who refuse the duty of brotherhood. (V.68) 78. XVIII He who would introduce a foreign brotherhood into Biella is obliged to pay as if there were other brothers. (V. 68) 79. XVIIII The penalty for the old officials of a brotherhood who do not consign (the goods and papers) to the new (officials) as they are obliged to. (V. 68) 80. XX He who is wasteful at a brotherhood should be punished when he is not received into that brotherhood. (V. 68) 81. XXI The penalty for the prior who does not render an accounting and who does not reimburse the treasury within the time which he customarily has from the revenue beyond that which is expended. (V. 68) 82. XXII Within what period of time someone is obliged to resume an office in a brotherhood. (V. 68) 83. XXIII The penalty for those going for blessed bread on behalf of a higher authority. (V.73) 84. XXIIII The penalty for those repeating gossip or scandal when the divine offices are being celebrated. (V. 73) 85. XXV The penalty for those who do not go to the four solemnly ordained psalms. (V.73) 86. XXVI At what time those who receive an accounting of the hospital should be chosen. (V. 18, 88, 124) 87. XXVII Concerning which feast days the Consuls are not allowed to give permission to work. (V. 72) 88. XXVIII Contracts which are entered into by the officials or brothers of the hospital without the permission of the Consuls are prohibited. 89. The old Consuls should cause an accounting of the brotherhood to be made for them in the presence of Bertold and the others. (V. 68) 90. XXIX The penalty for nuns who do not mark the third hour (with the ringing of a bell) and for those who do not present themselves at the appointed hour. (V. 68) 91. XXX The penalty for the nuns who do not pay the prior and for priors who do not pay creditors within the appointed time. (V. 68) 92. XXXI How the Consuls and the prior are obliged to consign or cause the bonds and rights of the brotherhood to be consigned. (V. 68) 93. XXXII The penalty for not consigning the rights and instruments of the brotherhood within the ordained time limit. (V. 68) 124. XXXIII How often and in what manner the Consuls are obliged to cause the hospital to be visited. (V. 18, 86)

V. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING INJURIES AND BLOOD-LETTING.

94. I The penalty for he who blasphemes the Commune or an official of the Commune. (V. 34) 95. II The penalty for he who speaks injurious words. (V. 34) 96. III Striking an official or a Consul should be punished (V. 34, 54) 97. IIII Breaking and entering a house furtively and throwing stones should be punished. 98. V The penalty for striking, spitting, or drawing steel against anyone. (V. 34, 99) 99. VI He who carries weapons to a disturbance during the day should be punished. (V. 34, 50, 98, 100, 103, 348, 350-351) 100. VII The Consuls are required to investigate disturbances involving weapons. (V. 34, 99) 101. VIII The penalty for giving aid to foreigners fomenting a disturbance. (V. 17, 34, 49) 102. VIIII How those who foment a disturbance in the market place and hinder those who are coming and going should be punished from here on. (V. 34, 182) 103. The penalty for those who assault someone while armed or unarmed at the home of any person. (V. 34, 69, 99)

VI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE OFFICIALS OF THE COMMUNE.

104. I Those who do not perform their duties legally should be punished. (V. 53, 106-107, 121) 105. II The penalty for those who refuse a duty publicly delegated to them. (V. 53) 106. III Consuls and officials are restricted from unlawful acts from which they can not give a dispensation. (V. 104) 107 IIII The penalty for a Consul who gives a dispensation which he is not permitted to. (V. 104) 108. V Within what period of time a person is prohibited from being an official and how a servant may be removed. (V. 53) 109. VI A servant of the commune can not be legally engaged in only public duty. (V. 53) 110. VII Peasants anf foreigners holding a hearth or animals should be punished. (V. 55, 111-120, 123, 125, 130, 135-136, 142, 213) 111. VIII The penalty for peasants who enter vineyards and who take possession of a portion of a crop other than that which is theirs. (V. 110, 129) 112. VIII Peasants who do not use the roads or who are stealing from someone else's vineyards should be punished. (V. 23, 110, 113, 129) 113. X Peasants who do not perform their (feudal?) duties within a period of time should be punished. (V. 110, 112, 115, 117) 114. XI The penalty for peasants who carry out (their duties) in the fields as they are obliged to. (V. 110) 115. XII How many fiochoni (= peasants chosen to oversee or guard vineyards and/or fields) and when the peasants of the vineyard are obliged to appoint them and the penalty ordained against the fiochoni. (V. 110, 113, 129) 116. XIII In what manner officials are obliged to give sureties. (V. 110, 292) 117. XIIII The form and penalty for peasants and new fiochoni. (V. 110, 113) 118. XV What losses peasants are obliged to provide restitution for. (V. 110, 292) 119. XVI Consuls are required to investigate peasants. (V. 110, 292) 120. XVII The peasants who pasture their animals within the ditches should be punished. (V. 110) 121. XVIII The penalties for officials who gamble and who behave frivolously. (V. 50, 53, 104, 175-176, 179- 181) 122. XVIIII He, who is not bound by the statutes of the Commune, can not perform the duty of the notary. 123. XX The penalty for foresters who do not accuse those who are carrying (materials) from the Commune or from the holdings of others. (V. 110, 123, 192, 254, 271, 315-328) 124. See number XXXIII, Rubric VI, after number 93. 125. The penalty for officials who do not inspect the rugia (embankments).

VII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING MEADOWLANDS, OPEN FIELDS, VINEYARDS, AND ENCLOSED AREAS.

126. I In what way presa (administrative districts) should be made in the unenclosed lands and how those breaking this law should be punished (V. 128, 130, 132, 134, 136-139, 141) 127. II The penalty for those who give offence or who pasture (animals) in the fields or possessions of someone else. (V. 129, 136-138, 140-141, 143, 169, 295-297, 299, 304, 358) 128. III The penalty for someone who goes with a wagon through the seeded holding belonging to someone else. (V. 126) 129. IIII He who goes through the enclosed holding belonging to someone else from Saint Eusebius to the wineries should be punished. (V. 111-112, 115, 127, 130-132, 143) 130. V The diversity of penalties according to the diversity of the animals who are pastured in the VI holdings belonging to someone else and the penalty for not enclosing one's animals. (V. 110, 126, 129, 169) 131. VII No one is permitted to pasture animals on the lands belonging to someone else. (V. 129, 169) 132. VIII Leading an animal which is not working on to the property of someone else should be punished 133. VIIII The penalty for a person who keeps or raises trees, except for the altini, outside of the ditches of the open fields. (V. 193, 196-197, 199, 203-204, 212-218, 278, 290, 292-294, 365, 370-371) 134. X A person laboring beyond the limits placed by the Commune should be punished. (V. 126, 135) 135. XI The penalty for a man in whose holding the boundary has been altered and what the official in charge of the fields (camparius) should do in the aforesaid matters. (V. 110, 134, 197-198, 303) 136. XII The penalty for reapers/harvesters and for those who hire them (V. 110, 126-127) 137. XIII The penalty for those who carry growing plants into their holding and do not have (such holdings). (V. 126-127, 132) 138. XIIII The penalty for the person who carries off produce from the branches of his own cherry trees. (V. 123, 126-127, 137, 145-147, 149, 152-153, 155- 156, 160, 165, 168, 254) 139. XV The penalty for those who go through a third party's seeded fields. (V. 126) 140. XVI The penalty for those who are cutting and carrying off the gleanings and foliage belonging to some one else. (V. 127) 141. XVII Someone who carries off a cuva (vat or measure) of grain should be punished. 142. XVIII What the camparius can take from a shepherd in the open fields. (V. 110) 143. XVIIII The penalty for those who tamper with vines and who sell them to other people. (V. 127, 129)

VIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING BRUSH, WOOD, AND PORTIONS OF LAND.

144. I In the Commune of Brusato, animals should not be sent to graze. 145. II How he who carries, sells, or buys silage anywhere other than the public squares should be punished. (V. 138) 146. III The penalty for those who buy or receive brushwood while they live outside of the land. (V. 138, 254) 147. IIII A person, who breaks up the wooden [structure] of a building and sells the wood belonging to the Commune, should be punished. (V. 69, 138) 148. V The penalty for carrying fire in the communities and the properties of others. (V. 13, 184) 149. VI The penalty for those persons who admit [ that they have caused] brushwood to be dragged, burned, or cut down by the men of Tolegnum or Paleonum. (V. 13, 138) 150. VII Valalta serramonda as the one and only Commune that should be disbanded. (V. 13) 151. VIII The accuser should have a third of all of the fines which are exacted on behalf of the forests. (V. 13, 222) 152. Concerning which forest in the Commune [men) are not permitted to labor. (V. 138) 153. VIIII. He who has been found outside [of the town gates] carrying, making off with, collecting, or conveying wood is obliged to pay the fine. (V. 138) 154. XI [Any person who is] cutting or destroying the orchard belonging to someone else should be punished (V. 13) 155. XII The penalty for he who goes forth during the time which has been released from the ban before the ringing of the bell. (V. 13, 138) 156. XIII How many villages are permitted to go to the woods daily during the time released from the ban. (V. 13, 138) 157. XIIII He who cuts or carries off olive [plantings] from the commune or from foreign associations. (V. 13) 158. XV How long the communes should be abandoned to the beasts after they were disbanded. (V. 13) 159. XVI At what time anyone can cut and sell with impunity the plantings of alder and olive trees on their own land. (V. 13) 160. XVII The penalty for he who, in the presence of Blessed Mary and Saint Bartholomew, takes away the woods of the community. (V. 138, 254) 161. XVIII New and old associations are under penalty with the exception of those whose boundaries have been set from horseback. (V. 13) 162. XVIIII The diversity of fimes between a sry and a green forest should be noted. (V. 13) 163. XX Within which place permission can not be granted to give the wood. (V. 13) 164. XXI How and for how long the Forest of Biella is placed under a bann. (V. 13) 165. The penalty for foresters who give permission to carry off bundles of wood from the thickets that should be avoided. (V. 123, 138) 166. XXII How the communes of Malpassum valaltae solere and serramunde should be released from their bann. (V. 13) 167. XXIII When and for how long the associations of individuals should be released from their bann. (V. 13) 168. XXIIII The penalty for those who carry off wood under the guise of [being from] Cavallum and are [from towns] other than Cavallum and for those who have given permission to them. (V. 138) 169. XXV What works are forbidden in the fields belonging to other tenants. (V. 127, 130-131, 144, 257, 269, 282, 284, 286-291, 296, 335-341, 348, 361-362, 364)

IX. THE RUBRICS CONCERNING THE FORESTERS.

170. I What foresters should have for the forestry service and that they should not presume to keep animals with a stick (i.e., herd them as sheep). (V. 123) 171. II Foresters should not take rods or make them for their personal use. (V. 123) 172. III. To what service foresters are obliged. (V. 123) 173-4. IIII What works are forbidden in the fields of other tenents. (V> 127, 130-131, 144, 257, 269, 282, 284, 286-291, 296, 335-341, 348, 361-362, 364)

X. THE RUBRICS CONCERNING GAMBLING AND GAMBLERS.

175. I The penalty against those who gamble, who are frivolous, who give counsel or favor, and against those who permit gambling in their homes. (V. 121) 176. II Those who play anything other than checkers or chess. (V. 121) 177. III The penalty for persons who have been banned or for those who give councel or comfort. (V. 7) 178. IIII The new and old consuls should be assigned to one consistory in acknowledging and assessing past and future practices. (V. 7) 179. V The penalty for those who permit gambling in their porticos and who give encouragement to gamblers. (V. 121) 180. VI The inn-keeper in whose establishment gambling takes place, is ignored, or is permitted should be punished. (V. 121) 181. A person who confesses that he has gambled in the establishment of an inn-keeper or a baker should be considered a legitimate witness. (V. 121, 308, 330)

XI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE PUBLIC SQUARE AND ITS ORNAMENTATION

182. I [No one should be) selling anything other than wood outside of the gates of the public square on Thursday. (V. 66, 102, 183, 194, 202, 355, 378- 380) 183. II [No one should be] buying or selling salt or grain anywhere other than the palace of the Commune. (V. 182) 184. III The penalty for those who would maintain a cooperage in the public square of anything other than copper, and how this matter should be investigated. (V. 148, 185, 206, 220, 222-223, 299, 306, 321, 327, 330, 333, 375) 185. IIII Keeping straw or branches above the upper floors should be punished, if the [roofs] have not been tarred. (V. 184) 186. V He who throws stones over the roofs should be punished. (V. 69) 187. VI He who permits montonos leami within the public square should be punished. (V. 188-189, 195, 205, 208, 210, 219, 221, 278, 280-281, 353) 188. VII He, who permits windlasses within the public square, should be punished. (V. 191, 200-201, 207, 209, 278, 283-284, 384-385) 189. No one is permitted to erect vendors' stalls at a forbidden time and place. 190. VIII Those who thresh grain in and about the public square should be punished. (V. 191, 200-201, 207, 209, 211, 219, 278, 283, 384-385) 191. VIIII No one should dare to place or sell anything other than grain in the public square of the Commune. (V. 190) 192. X Those who do not have sufficient gutters above the porticos between the homes in the public square should be punished. (V. 125, 193, 209, 213, 279, 282, 370) 193. XI The penalty for causing damage in ditches that draw water. (V. 133, 192. 194. XII The penalty for buying anything outside of the gates on market days. (V. 182) 195. XIII Nothing which defiles or is filthy should occur in the public square where the consuls are conducting [day to day business]. (V. 17, 187)

XII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE PUBLIC SQUARE, THE OPEN LAND, AND THEIR DEFENCES.

196. I How a person is obliged to maintain the communal ` defences which have been constructed on his land. (V. 133) 197. II No one should remove the boundary markers of the ditches which have been placed by the Commune (V. 133, 135) 198. III He should be punished who does not report when someone has removed the boundary markers of the ditches near his property. (V. 135) 199. IIII He who digs up or cuts away the boundary markers to the bottom of a ditch [should be punished]. 200. V The ban against those who beat pelisses and pelts in the porticos and public squares. 201. VI The penalty for keeping wooden beams on the public roads for more than a year. (V. 190) 202. VII On Thursday, no one should dare to sell anything in any place other than under the roof of the Commune. (V. 182) 203. VIII That no one should excavate closer than one pertico to the defences of the open spaces. (V. 133) 204. VIIII He who crosses the enclosed fortifications or the public defences should be punished. (V. 133) 205. X No one should dare to cause damage to the public roads. (V. 187) 206. XI Those who carry hay or straw next to their homes or the public roads should be punished. (V. 184) 207. XII The penalty for those who climb over enclosures throughout the land or [allow their] animals [to do so] without a bridle. (V. 190) 208. XIII No one should dare to place a drain in the ditches of the public land. (V. 187) 209 XIIII Those who keep drains (or "sinks") or who hurl water from their upper stories [should be punished]. V. 190, 192) 210. XV Those who scatter fecal matter beyond the ordained limits [should be punished]. (V. 187) 211. XVI Those who keep lambs during the forbidden time [should be punished]. (V. 190) 212. XVII Those who keep willows within their enclosures against the form [should be punished]. (V. 133) 213-218 XVIII-XXII Those who cause damage in the ditches and terraces should be equally punished. (V. 110, 133, 192) 219. XIX Branches and beams should not be extended into the open places beyond the columns. 220. XX Cutting grain in the households for hay. (V. 184) 221. The penalty for urinating near the gates (V. 187) 222-223. The penalty for those who have a shed roofed with straw in forbidden places. (V. 187)

XIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING MEASURES AND HEALTH.

224. I What the alum gatherers should take and what they and the consuls should have for the millers. (V. 230, 232, 235-236, 329) 225. II Who are obliged to bring about [public] health. (V. 151, 254, 256, 261, 283, 329, 332) 226. III Those who keep dishonest measures should be punished. (V. 11) 227. IIII Those who measure with unapproved measures should be punished. (V. 11) 228-229. V The penalty for not measuring according to the measures of Biella and the form ordained in ovens. (V. 11, 231, 233, 238) 230. VI Those who take the number of measures, which they are approved for, are obliged to see to it that [the weights which they have signed for and for whom they are destined] should be written in the Book. (V. 11, 224, 308) 231. VII The modification of ditches about which there are rocks for the project. (V. 11, 229) 232. VIII Those who take a number of measures must consign them to the consuls. (V. 111, 224, 308) 233. VIIII In how many villages the consuls are obliged to conduct investigations against innkeeprs and bakers. V. 11, 209, 308) 234. X The penalty for those who sell in the public square with measures that are not wholly made of iron. (V. 11) 235. XI When the old assumers (of measures) are obliged to consign them to the new treasurer. (V.11, 229) 236. The electors of the officials can not choose an assumer, while they are on the council or the Credentia. (V. 53, 224) 237 A reseller can not keep measures in his home which have not been sealed. (V. 11) 238. The new statute concerning bakers. (V. 11, 229)

XIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING HABITATION AND NEIGHBORHOODS.

239. I How and for whom those who have holdings from the Commune can sell without penalties. (V. 242, 244, 247-248, 267, 348) 240. II Those who reside in Biella should establish residency in a neighborhood. (V. 67) 241, 259, 260, 270 III, XXI, XXII How residents should be received. (V. 19, 58) 242, 244, 247-248, 267. IIII, VI, VIIII, X, XXIX, XXXI Those who are prohibited from acquiring [goods and property] in Biella and for whom there is an interdict against selling anything. (V. 17, 67, 239) 243. V By reason of time or of origin, one is not made an inhabitant of Biella. (V. 58) 245, 268. VI Those who reside in Biella for its facilities should pay for its honors. (V. 67) 246. VII The territory of Biella and the serfs who are men of Biella should sustain the honors of Biella together with their commune. 249. VIII Those who secretly acknowledge a confederation should be punished by the consuls. (V. 24, 53, 63, 250, 266, 292, 342, 373-4) 250. VIIII Cliques and men hostile to the commune and consuls of Biella should be punished. (V. 18, 22, 38, 52-53, 59, 249, 252-253, 255, 262-263, 382) 251. X Concerning that which is prohibited or which has been changed from its natural color. A measure of cloth which one should not presume to make or sell. (V. 225, 265, 329) 252. XI There should not be consul of an association who is not from Biella. (V. 49, 53, 200) 253. XII What the consul of an association should swear to the Consuls of Biella and what the consuls of the commune are obliged to do. (V. 8, 250) 254. XIII Which sworn oath those who live outside of the gate are obliged to keep. (V. 125, 138, 146, 160, 225, 258) 255. XIIII He, who was not an inhabitant, should not be brought to the Credentia. (V. 49, 250) 256. XV When vassals should be presented to the consuls by their lords to acknowledge their protection (i.e., swear fealty). (V. 225) 257. XVI A foreigner living in Biella should not use the communities until he exhibits a bond according to the statute. (V. 13, 169) 258. XVII The penalty for the lords and inhabitants who live outside of the gates. (V. 254) 261. XVIII Those who are obliged to make an act of willingness to follow and the penalty for those who do not acknowledge that which has been ordained. (V. 225) 262-263 XIX The statutes of association should not be used unless it has been specially approved of by the commune. 264. XX The reward for oil dealers for acknowledging the regulation for oil. 265. XXI For how much weavers are obliged to make a measure of cloth and a loom. (V. 251) 266. XXII Advocates and procurators against the community. (V. 53, 249) 269. XXIII A foreigner who does not retain an association for an entire winter to graze may be denied it in the summer. (V. 169)

XV. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING ROADS AND OTHER CORPORATIONS.

271. I At Trevola, the consuls of the roads are obliged to see to it that they are acted upon. (V. 23, 125) 272. II Rocks should not be taken through which roads or corporations might be damaged. (V. 23) 273. III The corporations of Pendina Placii should always remain in the commune. (V. 13) 274. IIII The penalty for occupying the public roads and public squares. (V. 13, 23) 275. V He who does not send a mission sufficient to act upon the public roads should be punished. (V. 23) 276. VI He who damages the roads which have been publicly ordered. (V. 23) 277. VII Outside of Palenchata, it is not permitted to grow trees above the ditches. (V. 122) 278. VIII It is not permitted to establish mills in the Commune or public square. (V. 187, 190, 329) 279. VIIII Associations or special activities acknowledge that they should not pollute the loads in any way. (V. 23, 192) 280. X No one is permitted to place a structure on any road in the community which leads out of the place. (V. 187) 281. XI Stench and water fouled by skins should not be dumped on to a public place. (V. 187) 282. XII No one has permission to graze in Lavazano nor to cause damage to the aforesaid road to draw water. (V. 23, 169, 192) 283. XIII Those who toss out or cuts metal waste in a public place should be punished. (V. 190, 225) 284. XIIII The penalty for those who dispose (of waste materials) in meadows which are held by a Commune, unless it is in another meadow (designated by the Commune) and the penalty for those who go beyond the limits. (V. 169) 285. XV When those who hold from the Commune are obliged to pay taxes. (V. 9)

XVI. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING ANIMALS.

286. I A foreigner can not graze [his animals] in the territory of Biella. (V. 169) 287. II Anyone can accuse regarding losses to his own [property]. (V. 169) 288. III The penalty ordained for those who keep goats. (V. 169, 335, 340) 289. IIII The penalty ordained for those who graze their animals on the roads to Campania. (V. 169) 290. V The herdsmen of animals feeding in the ditches should be punished. (V. 133, 169) 291. VI What those who graze their animals during the night are obliged to pay. (V. 169)

XVII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING LOSSES AND DAMAGES.

292. I Both how and when restitution must be made for losses and damages. (V. 63, 116, 118, 133, 249, 298, 300, 305, 307) 293-4. II What those who damage enclosures and ditches are obliged to pay. (V. 133) 295. III Those who damage and live in caves without the permission of the lords [of the holdings]. (V. 127) 296. IIII He who exports hay or plants from the meadows should be punished. (V. 127, 169) 297-8. V He who carried wime to Botallos should be punished. (V. 127) 299. VI The penalty for those who run off in the time of fire or rumor. (V. 127, 184) 300. VII Concerning those who cause losses outside of the territories of Biella and no restitution should be made for animals belonging to foreigners in the spring. (V. 292) 301-2. VIII How those going forth to loot and buying loot should be punished. (V. 367) 303. VIIII Those who pluck out boundary markers should be punished. (V. 135) 304. X Those who break and steal chestnuts belonging to someone else. 305. XI No restitution should be made for a loss caused in a property placed under a bann by anyone other than from a consul. (V. 292) 306. XII The penalty for setting a fire with candles during the Christmas season at St. Stephen's is set aside. 298 & XIII The loss for those who have refused to sustain 307 the honor of the Commune should not be restored. (V. 292)

XVIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING INNS AND INNKEEPERS.

308/312 I Buying, selling, placing wine in a goblet against the statute should be punished. (V. 180-1, 230, 232-3, 309-311, 313-4) 309. II No one should dare to sell more wine than that which contained in a goblet. (V. 308) 310. III The penalty for selling wine to a person who is not obligated to sustain the honors [of the communes]. (V. 308) 311. IIII Those who are buying or selling [wine] after the sounding of the night watch's bell. (V. 308) 313. V Those who sell wine to an incarcerated enemy should be punished. (V. 308) 314. The penalty for those for a coin (mite) against the statute. (V. 308)

XIX. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE RUGIA (i.e., EMBANKMED WATERCOURSES).

315. I No one should dare to disrupt the embanked watercourses from above the mill. (V. 125) 316/319. II Those who cause filth on the embanked watercourses should be punished and inspections should be undertaken. (V. 125) 317. III Those who cause damage in the trivolum, canals, or fortifications. (V. 125) 318. IIII Annimals entering the embanked watercourses within tierce. (V. 125) 320. V A person should maintain a bridge in front of his own home with his own resources. (V. 125) 321. VI How, how much, and at what time, embanked water courses may be drawn through the public square. (V. 125, 184) 322. VII The embanked watercourses may not be drawn through the margins of the public square or of the vineyard. (V. 125) 323. VIII The embanked watercourses should not be broken alongside the canals for a distance of four perticas. (V. 125) 324. VIIII Those who graze their herds on the embanked watercourses before tierce should be punished. (V. 125) 325. X The embanked watercourses should not be drawn through a good road. 326. XI Those who damage the embanked watercourses from above the Bridge of Torratia should be punished. (V. 125) 327. XII Where and by whom the embanked watercourses may be broken, if a fire should should break out in the public square. 328. No one should drain water from the embanked watercourses of the public square for his own land. (V. 22, 125)

XX. THE RUBRIC OF THE MILLS AND THE OVENS.

329. I What millers may take for the work which they do in the mill. (V. 224-5, 251, 278, 331, 334) 330. II Those who do not have ovens open at the mouth and in what way they are obliged to remove the latchpins. (V. 80, 181, 184, 332-3) 331. III The drivers of the mill's donkeys who give them water to drink which they are forbidden to do should be punished (V. 329) 332. IIII What a baker is obliged to swear to and to do. (V. 225, 330) 333. V Those who bake bread and those who keep fire in the ovens when it is windy and summarily after the ringing of the bell. (V. 184, 330) 334. At the mill, only one person should accept the grains to be milled or baked. (V. 329)

XXI. THE RUBRICS CONCERNING THE ALPS.

335-341. I-V Diverse [laws] ordained in regard to the Alps and those who pasture [animals] in them.

XXII. THE EXTRAORDINARY RUBRICS.

342. I He who enacts [legislation] against the Commune should be punished. (V. 249) 343/351 II The penalty against those who give aid to those who are bearing arms. (V. 99) 344. III Sureties without value taken from sons and vassals should be returned to fathers and lords. (V. 24, 347, 349) 345. IIII The statute concerning spouses who go from their land. (V. 369, 381) 346. V Clothing and weapons should not be obligated for surety. (V. 19, 24) 347. VI Fathers and lords are compelled to pay the portion on behalf of a son or a vassal. (V. 344) 348. VII Which possessions are forbidden to be handed over to foreigners. (V. 169, 239) 349. VIII No one can bring in a foreign weapon [which is] longer than the limit of the [statutory] measurement. (V. 344) 350. VIIII Those who are carrying forbidden weapons. (V. 99) 352 X Those who venture outdoors after the bell without a light. (V. 372) 353. XI Causing or having waste in a latrine with damage to someone else. 354. XII He who furnishes weapons should be punished and when they should be branded. (V. 19) 355. XIII Those who purchase hens and pullets so that they might be taken from the marketplace. (V. 182) 356. XIIII Those who enter and disrupt the possession belonging to someone else. (V. 69) 357/359. XV Neither dead animals nor hides should be bought or sold and they should not be brought into Biella. 358. XVI He who accepts doves that are privately owned should be convicted. (V. 127) 360. XVII He who takes a wolf should receive a reward. 361. The Consuls are obliged to see to it that open fields are measured. 362. XVIII Lands can not be yielded up from the meadowland far above Aronchandum. (V. 169) 363. XVIIII Those who have been censured for falsehood should be punished as is suitable. 364. XX When shares [of food] which are in the communes should be impounded. (V. 169) 365. XXI No trees with the exception of the altines should be permitted to grow from below the ditch. (V. 133) 366. XXII How one might donate more than the quantity of ten pounds and concerning the Credentia. (V.51) 367. XXIII It is fitting that those who commit assaults, are receivers [of stolen goods], or commit rapes be convicted. (V. 7, 301) 368. XXIIII At what time it is forbidden to fish. 369. XXV Nothing in the meadowland or forested areas must be demanded summarily for the purpose of marriage. (V. 345) 370. XXVI What those who have pipes over the ditches are obliged to do. (V. 133, 192) 371. XXVII Those who pasture animals in the enclosures of the meadowlands or in the ditches. (V. 133) 372. One Hundred Clients should be chosen for the purpose of protecting the roads. (V. 19, 352) 373-374. XXVIII In regard to the statute against those who go to the places of the rebels and give them aid and counsel. (V. 53, 249) 375. XXVIIII It is not permitted to keep a fire throughout the land during windy season and certainy not in the households of the public square. (V. 184) 376. XXX. It is not permitted to make a present of something promised or owed to the Commune. (V. 9) 377. XXXI How it should be resolved by the statute makers in every question or doubt which has arisen by reason of the statutes or payments of the Commune. (V. 9) 378-380. XXXII That those who are buying, selling, or receiving fish anywhere other than in the public square should be punished. (V. 182) 381. No one should visit or give [anything to] a person striken with the plague. (V. 182) 382. Anyone is obliged to be a member of the College of the Arts. (V. 250) 383. XXXIII Foreigners should not dare to approach to make an assembly for the sake of a commune. (V. 49) 384. XXXIIII Those who lead animals from the pens or the enclosures through the porticos of the public square should be punished. (V. 190) 385. XXXV Those who keep enclosures or mantelets in preparation for a debtor should be punished. (V. 190)

XXIII. THE RUBRIC CONCERNING THE CRIME OF STELIONATES.

386. The Commune of Biella may punish all misdeeds when a penalty is lacking in the judgement of a lawyer lest the criminal be glorified when he acts badly.