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From: pstott@pearl.tufts.edu Newsgroups: sci.archaeology Subject: UNESCO's World Heritage List Message-ID: <1993Jan16.175712.1@pearl.tufts.edu> Date: 16 Jan 93 22:57:12 GMT Organization: Tufts University - Medford, MA Lines: 749

Mark Chou has asked:

> I remember reading about a list compiled by the United Nations > Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) which > had something like the 10 or 12 most historic sites in the world > (something like the "Seven wonders", except these are cities).

The list to which he probably refers is the World Heritage List, maintained by UNESCO's World Heritage Secretariat in Paris. The list is updated at the annual meeting of the World Heritage Committee each December. The list, which includes both cultural and natural sites, numbers 358 different properties, including numerous cities.

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST

The World Heritage Committee has approved the following properties and natural properties to be included on the World Heritage List. The properties are arranged alphabetically by nominating country. The following list is updated to January 1992.

ALGERIA:

1980 Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad 1982 Tassili n'Ajjer 1982 M'zab Valley 1982 Djemila 1982 Tipasa 1982 Timgad

ARGENTINA:

1981 Los Glaciares 1984 Iguazu National Park

ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL

1984 Jesuit Missions of the Guarnis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestro Senora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil)

AUSTRALIA:

1981 Great Barrier Reef 1981 Kakadu National Park 1981 Willandra Lakes Region 1982 Tasmanian Wilderness 1982 Lord Howe Island Group 1987 Uluru National Park 1987 Australian East Coast Temperate and Sub-Tropical Rainforest Parks 1988 Wet Tropics of Queensland 1991 Shark Bay, Western Australia

BANGLADESH:

1985 Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat 1985 Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur

BENIN: 1985 Royal Palaces of Abomey

BOLIVIA:

1987 City of Potosi 1990 Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos 1991 Historic City of Sucre

BRAZIL:

1980 Historic Town of Ouro Preto 1982 Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda 1984 Iguau National Park 1985 Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia 1985 Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas 1987 City of Brasilia 1991 Serra da Capivara National Park

BULGARIA:

1979 Boyana Church 1979 Madara Rider 1979 Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo 1979 Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak 1983 Ancient City of Nessebar 1983 Srebarna Nature Reserve 1983 Pirin National Park 1983 Rila Monastery 1985 Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari

CAMEROON:

1987 Dja Faunal Reserve

CANADA:

1978 L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park 1978 Nahanni National Park 1979 Dinosaur Provincial Park 1981 Anthony Island 1981 Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Complex 1983 Wood Buffalo National Park 1984 Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks* 1985 Historic Area of Quebec 1987 Gros Morne National Park

*The Burgess Shale Site, previously inscribed on the WHL, is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks.

CANADA AND THE UNITED OF STATES OF AMERICA:

1979 Kluane National Park and Reserve, Yukon, Canada; Wrangell-St. Elias National Monument, Alaska, U.S.A.

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC:

1988 Parc National du Manovo-Gounda St. Floris

CHINA (PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF):

1987 The Great Wall 1987 Mount Taishan 1987 Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 1987 Mogao Caves 1987 The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emporer 1987 Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian 1990 Mount Hungshan

COLOMBIA:

1984 Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Carthagena

COSTA RICA/PANAMA:

1983 Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves/ 1990 La Amistad National Park

COTE D'IVOIRE:

1982 Tai National Park 1983 Como National Park

CUBA:

1982 Old Havana and its Fortifications 1988 Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios

CYPRUS:

1980 Paphos 1985 The Painted Churches in the Troodos Region

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

1990 Colonial City of Santo Domingo

ECUADOR:

1978 Galapagos National Park, including the Galapagos Islands 1978 Old City of Quito 1983 Sangay National Park

EGYPT:

1979 Abu Mena 1979 Ancient Thebes, including its Necropolis 1979 Islamic Cairo 1979 Memphis and its Necropolis-the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur 1979 Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae

ETHIOPIA:

1978 Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela 1978 Simen National Park 1979 Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region 1980 Aksum 1980 Lower Valley of the Awash 1980 Lower Valley of the Omo 1980 Tiya

FINLAND:

1991 Old Rauma 1991 Fortress of Suomenlinna

FRANCE:

1979 Chartres Cathedral 1979 Decorated Grottoes of the Vezere Valley, including the Grotto of Lascaux 1979 Mont-St. Michel and its Bay 1979 Palace and Park of Versailles 1979 Vezelay, Church and Hill 1981 Amiens Cathedral 1981 Chateau and Estate of Chambord 1981 Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay 1981 Palace and Park of Fontainebleau 1981 Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles 1981 The Roman Theatre and its Surroundings and the Triumphal Arch of Orange 1982 The Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans 1983 Place Stanislas, Place de la Carriere, and Place d'Alliance, Nancy 1983 Church of Saint-Savin-sur Gartempe 1983 Classified Site of Cape Girolata, Cape Porto and Scandola Natural Reserve, Corsica 1985 Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) 1988 Strasbourg, Grande Isle 1991 Paris, Banks of the Seine 1991 Cathedral of Notre-Dame, former Abbey of Saint-Remi and Tau Palace, of Reims

GERMANY:

1978 Aachen Cathedral 1981 Speyer Cathedral 1981 Wurzburg Residence, including the Court Gardens and Residence Square 1983 Pilgrimage of Church of Wies 1984 The Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Bruhl 1985 St. Mary's Cathedral and St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim 1986 Roman Monuments, Cathedral and Liebfrauen-Church in Trier 1987 Hanseatic City of Lubeck 1990 Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin 1991 Abbey and Altenmunster of Lorsch

GHANA:

1979 Forts and Castles, Volta Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions 1980 Ashante Traditional Buildings

GREECE:

1986 Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae 1987 Archaeological Site of Delphi 1987 The Acropolis, Athens 1988 Mount Athos 1988 Meteora 1988 Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika 1988 Archaeological Site of Epidaurus 1988 Medieval City of Rhodes 1989 Archaeological Site of Olympia 1989 Mystras 1990 Delos 1990 Monasteries of Daphni, Hossios Luckas and Nea Moni of Chios

GUATEMALA:

1979 Antigua Guatemala 1979 Tikal National Park 1981 Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua

GUINEA AND COTE D'IVOIRE

1981 Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve

HAITI:

1982 National Historic Park, including La Ferriere Citadel, Sans-Souci Palace, and Site of Les Ramiers

HOLY SEE:

1984 Vatican City

HONDURAS:

1980 Maya Site of Copan 1982 Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve

HUNGARY:

1987 Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube with the district of Buda Castle 1987 Holloko

INDIA:

1983 Ajanta Caves 1983 Ellora Caves 1983 Agra Fort 1983 Taj Mahal 1984 Sun Temple, Konarak 1985 Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram 1985 Kaziranga National Park 1985 Manas Wildlife Sanctuary 1985 Keoladeo National Park 1986 Churches and Convents of Goa 1986 Group of Monuments at Khajuraho 1986 Group of Monuments at Hampi 1986 Fatehpur Sikri 1987 Group of Monuments at Pattadakal 1987 Elephanta Caves 1987 Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur 1987 Sundarbans National Park 1988 Nanda Devi National Park 1989 Buddhist Monastery at Sanchi

INDONESIA:

1991 Komodo National Park 1991 Ujung Kulon National Park 1991 Borobudur Temple compound 1991 Prambanan Temple compound

IRAN:

1979 Persepolis 1979 Tchoga Zanbil Ziggurat and Complex 1988 Meidan Emam, Esfahan

IRAQ:

1985 Hatra

ITALY:

1979 Rock Drawings in Valcamonica near Bresica 1980 Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with "The Last Supper" by Leonardo da Vinci 1982 Historic Centre of Florence 1987 Venice and its Lagoon 1987 Piazza del Duomo, Pisa 1990 Historic Centre of San Gimignano

ITALY/HOLY SEE:

1980 Historic Centre of Rome, the properties of the Holy See in that city enjoyning extraterritorial rights, and San Paolo fuori le Mura

JORDAN (HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF):

1981 The Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls 1985 Petra 1985 Quseir Amra

LEBANON:

1984 Anjar 1984 Baalbek 1984 Byblos 1984 Tyr

LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA (SOCIALIST PEOPLE'S):

1982 Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna 1982 Archaeological Site of Sabratha 1982 Archaeological Site of Cyrene (Shahhat) 1985 Rock-art Sites of Tadrart Acacus 1988 Old Town of Ghadames

MADAGASCAR:

1990 Tsingy Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve

MALAWI:

1984 Lake Malawi National Park

MALI:

1988 Old Towns of Djenne 1988 Timbuktu 1989 Cliffs of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons)

MALTA:

1980 City of Valetta 1980 Ggantija Temples on the Island of Gozo 1980 Hal Saflieni Hypogeum

MAURITANIA:

1989 Banc D'Arguin National Park

MEXICO:

1987 Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco 1987 Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque 1987 Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan 1987 Historic Centre of Oaxaca and the Archaeological Site of Monte Alban 1987 Historic Centre of Puebla 1987 Sian Ka'an 1988 Historic Town of Guanajuato and adjacent mines 1988 Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza 1991 Historic Centre of Morelia

MOROCCO:

1981 Medina of Fez 1985 Medina of Marrakesh 1987 Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou

MOZAMBIQUE:

1991 Island of Mozambique

NEPAL:

1979 Kathmandu Valley 1979 Sagarmatha National Park, including Mt. Everest 1984 Royal Chitwan National Park

NEW ZEALAND:

1990 Te Wahipounam - South West New Zealand (Westland/Mount Cook National Park and Fiordland National Park, previously inscribed on the World Heritage List, are part of this site) 1990 Tongariro National Park

NIGER:

1991 Air-Tenere Reserve

NORWAY:

1979 Bryggen, the Old Hansiatic Quarter of Bergen 1979 Urnes Stave Church 1980 Roros Mining Town 1985 Rock Drawings of Alta

OMAN:

1987 Bahla Fort 1988 Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn

PAKISTAN:

1980 Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro 1980 Buddhist Ruins at Takht-i-Bahi and Neighboring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol 1980 Taxila 1981 Fort and Shalamar Gardens at Lahore 1981 Historic Monuments of Thatta

PANAMA:

1980 Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Portobelo-San Lorenzo 1981 Darien National Park

PERU:

1983 City of Cuzco 1983 Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu 1985 Archaeological Site of Chavin 1985 Huascaran National Park 1987 Manu National Park 1988 Chan Chan Archaeological Zone 1990 Rio Abiseo National Park 1991 Historic Centre of Lima

POLAND:

1978 Historic Centre of Cracow 1978 Wieliczka Salt Mines 1979 Auschwitz Concentration Camp 1979 Bialowieza National Park 1980 Historic Centre of Warsaw

PORTUGAL:

1983 Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroisma in the Azores 1983 Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belem, Lisbon 1983 Monastery of Batalha 1983 Convent of Christ in Tomar 1988 Historic Centre of Evora 1989 Alcobaca Monastery with the tombs of Ines de Castro and King Dom Pedro

ROMANIA:

1991 Danube Delta

RUSSIAN FEDERATION:

1990 Historic Centre of St. Petersburg and related groups of monuments* 1990 Khizi Pogost* 1990 Kremlin and the Red Square*

SENEGAL:

1978 Island of Goree 1981 Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary 1981 Niokolo-Koba National Park

SEYCHELLES:

1982 Aldabra Atoll 1983 Vallee de Mai Nature Reserve

SPAIN:

1984 Mosque of Cordoba 1984 Alhambra and Generalife, Granada 1984 Burgos Cathedral 1984 Monastery and Site of the Escurial, Madrid 1984 Parque Guell, Palacio Guell and Casa Mila, Barcelona 1985 Altamira Cave 1985 Old Town of Segovia, including its aqueduct 1985 Churches of the Kingdom of the Asturias 1985 Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) 1985 Old Town of Avila, including its Extra Muros churches 1986 Mudejar Architecture of Teruel 1986 Historic City of Toledo 1986 Garajonay National Park 1986 Old Town of Caceres 1987 Cathedral, the Alcazar and Archivo de Indias, Seville 1988 Old City of Salamanca 1991 Poblet Monastery

SRI LANKA:

1982 Sacred City of Anuradhapura 1982 Ancient City of Polonnaruva 1982 Ancient City of Sigiriya 1988 Sinharaja Forest Reserve 1988 Sacred City of Kandy 1988 Old Town of Galle and its fortifications 1991 Golden Temple of Dambulla

SWEDEN:

1991 Royal Domain of Drottningholm

SWITZERLAND:

1983 Convent of St. Gall 1983 Benedictine Convent of St. John at Mustair 1983 Old City of Berne

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC:

1979 Ancient City of Damascus 1980 Site of Palmyra 1980 Ancient City of Bosra 1988 Ancient City of Aleppo THAILAND:

1991 Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries 1991 Historic Town of Sukhothai and associated historic towns 1991 Historic City of Ayutthaya and associated historic towns

TUNISIA:

1979 Roman Amphitheater of El Djem 1979 Archaeological Site of Carthage 1979 Medina of Tunis 1980 Ichkeul National Park 1985 Punic Town of Kerkuane, including its Necropolis 1988 Medina of Sousse 1988 Kairouan

TURKEY:

1985 Historic Areas of Istanbul 1985 Goreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia 1985 Great Mosque and Hospital of Divrigi 1986 Hattusha 1987 Nemrut Dag 1988 Xanthos-Letoon 1988 Hierapolis-Pamukkale

UKRAINE:

1990 Kiev: St Sophia Cathedral and related monastic buildings, and Lavra of Kiev-Pechersk

UNITED KINGDOM:

1986 The Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast 1986 Durham Castle and Cathedral 1986 Ironbridge Gorge 1986 Studley Royal Park, including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey 1986 Stonehenge, Avebury and associated sites 1986 The Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd 1986 St. Kilda 1987 Blenheim Palace 1987 City of Bath 1987 Hadrian's Wall 1987 Palace of Westminster, Abbey of Westminster, and St. Margaret's Church 1988 Henderson Island 1988 The Tower of London 1988 Canterbury Cathedral, St. Augustine's Abbey, and St. Martin's Church

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA: 1979 Ngorongoro Conservation Area, including the Ngorongoro and Empakaai Craters and Olduvai Gorge 1981 Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara 1981 Serengeti National Park 1982 Selous Game Reserve 1987 Kilimanjaro National Park

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:

1978 Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado 1978 Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming\Idaho\Montana 1979 Everglades National Park, Florida 1979 Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona 1979 Independence Hall, Pennsylvania 1980 Redwood National Park, California 1981 Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky 1981 Olympic National Park, Washington State 1982 Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, Illinois 1983 Great Smokey Mountains National Park, North Carolina\ Tennessee 1983 San Juan National Historic Site and La Fortaleza, Puerto Rico 1984 The Statue of Liberty, New York 1984 Yosemite National Park, California 1987 Monticello, and the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 1987 Chaco Culture National Historic Park, New Mexico 1987 Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, including Mauna Loa, Hawaii

UZBEKISTAN:**

1990 Itchan Kala

YEMEN:

1982 Old Walled City of Shibam 1988 Old City of Sana'a

YUGOSLAVIA:

1979 Historic Complex of Split with the Palace Diocletian 1979 Natural and Culturo-Historic Region of Kotor 1979 Ohrid Region, including its cultural and historic aspects, and its natural environment 1979 Old City of Dubrovnik 1979 Plitvice Lakes National Park 1979 Stari Ras and Sopocani Monastery 1980 Durmitor National Park 1988 Studenica Monastery 1988 Skocjan Caves

ZAIRE: 1979 Virunga National Park 1981 Kahuzi-Biega National Park 1980 Garamba National Park 1984 Salonga National Park

ZAMBIA/ZIMBABWE:

1989 Victoria Falls/Mosi-oa-Tunya

ZIMBABWE:

1984 Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas 1988 Great Zimbabwe National Monument 1988 Khami Ruins National Monument

__________________ * The nominations related to these cultural sites were submitted in 1989 by the U.S.S.R.

** Since the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, in place of the U.S.S.R., UNESCO has not received, to date, a declaration by Uzbekistan as to whether it is, or is not, a Party to the World Heritage Convention.

* * * * * *

EXPLANATION OF WORLD HERITAGE LIST

The World Heritage List was established under terms of the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Culture and Natural Heritage adopted in November, 1972 at the 17th General Conference of UNESCO.

The Convention states that a World Heritage Committee "will establish, keep up-to-date and publish" a World Heritage List of cultural and natural properties, submitted by the States and considered to be of outstanding universal value.

One of the main responsibilities of this Committee is to provide technical co-operation under the World Heritage Fund for the safeguarding of World Heritage Sites to States Parties whose resources are insufficient.

States Parties can request international assistance under the Fund for expert missions, training of specialized staff, and supply of equipment when appropriate; they can also apply for long-term loans and, in special cases, non-repayable grants. Requests must concern work necessary for the preservation of cultural or natural sites included in the World Heritage List or assistance to national or regional training centres.

Emergency assistance is also available under the Fund in the case of properties severely damaged by specific natural or man-made disasters or threatened with imminent destruction. As of the end of 1990, 115 Member States had ratified the Convention, the United States being the first to do so. As of January 1992, the number of sites on the World Heritage List stands at 358. The Committee named 12 sites in 1978, 45 in 1979, 28 in 1980, 26 in 1981, 24 in 1982, 29 in 1983, 23 in 1984, 31 in 1985, 27 in 1986, 41 in 1987, 27 in 1988, 7 in 1989, 17 in 1990, and 23 in 1991.

* * * * *

*Small discrepancies in numbers may be due to different methods of numbering sites, and overlapping of sites into two countries.

Inquiries should be sent to : World Heritage Committee UNESCO 7 Place de Fontenoy Paris, 75700 France

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============================================================================== Peter H. Stott Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy / Urban & Environmental Policy Tel. (617) 627-3694 Tufts University Fax. (617) 627-3377 97 Talbot Avenue e-mail: pstott@pearl.tufts.edu Medford, MA 02155 pstott@igc.apc.org ===============================================================================