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A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of the United States One First Street, NE, Washington, DC 20543 Phone, 2024793211

Members: Chief Justice of the United States WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST

Associate Justices JOHN PAUL STEVENS SANDRA DAY O'CONNOR ANTONIN SCALIA ANTHONY M. KENNEDY DAVID H. SOUTER CLARENCE THOMAS RUTH BADER GINSBURG STEPHEN G. BREYER

Associate Justice, Retired BYRON R. WHITE

The Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice of the United States and such number of Associate Justices as may be fixed by Congress. By the Act of June 25, 1948 (28 U. S. C. §1), Congress established the number of Associate Justices as eight. Power to nominate the Justices is vested in the President of the United States, and appoint- ments are made with the advice and consent of the Senate. Article III, §1, of the Constitution further provides that "[t]he Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, re- ceive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office."

Officers: Administrative Assistant to the Chief Justice SALLY M. RIDER Clerk WILLIAM K. SUTER Librarian SHELLEY L. DOWLING Marshal DALE E. BOSLEY Reporter of Decisions FRANK D. WAGNER

Director of Budget and Personnel CYRIL A. DONNELLY Court Counsel JANE E. PETKOFSKY Curator GAIL GALLOWAY Director of Data Systems DONNA CLEMENT Public Information Officer KATHLEEN L. ARBERG

Court Officers assist the Court in the performance of its functions. They include the Administrative Assistant to the Chief Justice, the Clerk, the Reporter of Decisions, the Librarian, the Marshal, the Director of Budget and Personnel, the Court Counsel, the Curator, the Director of Data Systems, and the Public Information Officer. The Ad- ministrative Assistant is appointed by the Chief Justice. The Clerk, Reporter of Decisions, Librarian, and Marshal are appointed by the Court. All other Court Officers are appointed by the Chief Justice in consultation with the Court. Constitutional Origin. Article III, §1, of the Constitution provides that "[t]he judi- cial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The Supreme Court of the United States was created in accordance with this provision and by authority of the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789 (1 Stat. 73). It was organized on February 2, 1790. Jurisdiction. According to the Constitution (Art. III, §2): "The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;- to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Minis- ters and Consuls;- to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;- to Contro- versies to which the United States shall be a Party;- to Controversies between two or more States;- between a State and Citizens of another State;- between Citizens of dif- ferent States;- between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. "In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Con- gress shall make." Appellate jurisdiction has been conferred upon the Supreme Court by various statutes, under the authority given Congress by the Constitution. The basic statute effective at this time in conferring and controlling jurisdiction of the Supreme Court may be found in 28 U. S. C. §1251 et seq., and various special statutes. Rulemaking Power. Congress has from time to time conferred upon the Supreme Court power to prescribe rules of procedure to be followed by the lower courts of the United States. See 28 U. S. C. §2071 et seq. The Building. The Supreme Court is open to the public from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. It is closed Saturdays, Sundays, and the federal legal holi- days listed in 5 U. S. C. §6103. Unless the Court or the Chief Justice orders otherwise, the Clerk's Office is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except on those holidays. The Library is open to members of the Bar of the Court, attorneys for the various federal departments and agencies, and Members of Congress. The Term. The Term of the Court begins, by law, on the first Monday in October and lasts until the first Monday in October of the next year. Approximately 7,000 peti- tions are filed with the Court in the course of a Term. In addition, some 1,200 applications of various kinds are filed each year that can be acted upon by a single Justice.